{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414349202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1","title":"$${\\mu }^2$$ Tokenizer: Differentiable Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Tokenizer for\u00a0Radiology Report Generation","display_name":"$${\\mu }^2$$ Tokenizer: Differentiable Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Tokenizer for\u00a0Radiology Report Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414349202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008684498","display_name":"Siyou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-1883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113430815","display_name":"Pengyao Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133184724","display_name":"University College Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/042ver755","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133184724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133184724","https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044596430","display_name":"Hemmings Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Nie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165293","display_name":"Metacomp Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cxavv95","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165293"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta Inc., California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta Inc., California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018942914","display_name":"Arun James Thirunavukarasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun J. Thirunavukarasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101274060","display_name":"Juntao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350630","display_name":"Le Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133184724","display_name":"University College Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/042ver755","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133184724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149920","display_name":"William Harvey Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0574dzy90","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4210149920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133184724","https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008684498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21049581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.2517000138759613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2522456249","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4388289870","https://openalex.org/W4403805874","https://openalex.org/W4404781831"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}