{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406843551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","title":"Ensemble Counterfactual Explanations for\u00a0Churn Analysis","display_name":"Ensemble Counterfactual Explanations for\u00a0Churn Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406843551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116040877","display_name":"Samuele Tonati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157210198","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03aydme10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuele Tonati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy","University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054644292","display_name":"Marzio Di Vece","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-5432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157210198","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03aydme10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marzio Di Vece","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Francesco 19, 55100, Lucca, Italy","Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Francesco 19, 55100, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012682000","display_name":"Roberto Pellungrini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-9271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157210198","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03aydme10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Pellungrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Pisa, Italy","Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024505700","display_name":"Fosca Giannotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-3835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157210198","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03aydme10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fosca Giannotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116040877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504","https://openalex.org/I157210198"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02694546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"332","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8983672261238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945629358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4103461802005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.04415300488471985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8983672261238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945629358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4103461802005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.04415300488471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1325069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1325069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.sns.it:11384/147064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11384/147064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050981","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1016895160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNRR-M4C2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2020622295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Big Data","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2070155107","display_name":"It takes two to tango: a synergistic approach to human-machine decision making","funder_award_id":"101120763","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317964049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IR0000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4508289328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7318860614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"834756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8409961469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Spoke 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8657926182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERC-2018-ADG G.A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8893660128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406843551.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067594023","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2422895071","https://openalex.org/W2577756876","https://openalex.org/W2779683208","https://openalex.org/W2806801170","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2945151003","https://openalex.org/W2964449086","https://openalex.org/W2992634800","https://openalex.org/W3125997628","https://openalex.org/W3130571284","https://openalex.org/W3207900600","https://openalex.org/W4214736071","https://openalex.org/W4225150645","https://openalex.org/W4285123252","https://openalex.org/W4285794405","https://openalex.org/W4319586157","https://openalex.org/W4396941396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Counterfactual":[1],"explanations":[2,37,92,160],"play":[3],"a":[4,23,125],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,45,61,148],"interpreting":[8],"and":[9,28,51,76,89,124,164,183,198],"understanding":[10],"the":[11,54,79,112,134,156,190,193,200,208,210,214],"decision-making":[12],"process":[13],"of":[14,47,114,129,158,192,202],"complex":[15],"machine":[16],"learning":[17],"models,":[18],"offering":[19,206],"insights":[20,166],"into":[21,167],"why":[22],"particular":[24],"prediction":[25],"was":[26],"made":[27],"how":[29],"it":[30],"could":[31,72],"be":[32],"altered.":[33],"However,":[34],"individual":[35,172],"counterfactual":[36,121,159],"generated":[38],"by":[39],"different":[40,74,91,149],"methods":[41,123,173],"may":[42],"vary":[43],"significantly":[44],"terms":[46],"their":[48,218],"quality,":[49],"diversity,":[50],"coherence":[52],"to":[53,81,87,95,98,132,171,207,212,217],"black-box":[55],"prediction.":[56],"This":[57],"is":[58,93],"especially":[59],"important":[60],"financial":[62],"applications":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"churn":[66,146],"analysis,":[67],"where":[68],"customer":[69],"retention":[70],"officers":[71],"explore":[73,90],"approaches":[75],"solutions":[77],"with":[78],"clients":[80],"prevent":[82],"churning.":[83],"The":[84],"officer\u2019s":[85],"capability":[86],"modify":[88],"pivotal":[94],"his":[96],"ability":[97,211],"provide":[99],"feasible":[100],"solutions.":[101],"To":[102],"address":[103],"this":[104],"challenge,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"an":[108,115],"evaluation":[109],"framework":[110],"through":[111],"implementation":[113],"ensemble":[116,157],"approach":[117,188],"that":[118,155,175],"combines":[119],"state-of-the-art":[120],"generation":[122],"linear":[126],"combination":[127],"score":[128],"desired":[130],"properties":[131,216],"select":[133],"most":[135],"appropriate":[136],"explanation.":[137],"We":[138],"conduct":[139],"our":[140,187],"experiments":[141],"on":[142],"three":[143],"publicly":[144],"available":[145],"datasets":[147],"domains.":[150],"Our":[151],"experimental":[152],"results":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"provides":[161],"more":[162],"diverse":[163],"comprehensive":[165],"model":[168],"behavior":[169],"compared":[170],"alone":[174],"suffer":[176],"from":[177],"specific":[178],"weaknesses.":[179],"By":[180],"aggregating,":[181],"evaluating,":[182],"selecting":[184],"multiple":[185],"explanations,":[186],"enhances":[189],"diversity":[191],"explanation,":[194],"highlights":[195],"common":[196],"patterns,":[197],"mitigates":[199],"limitations":[201],"any":[203],"single":[204],"method,":[205],"user":[209],"tweak":[213],"explanation":[215],"needs.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}