{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401172301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","title":"AI Cards: Towards an\u00a0Applied Framework for\u00a0Machine-Readable AI and\u00a0Risk Documentation Inspired by\u00a0the\u00a0EU AI Act","display_name":"AI Cards: Towards an\u00a0Applied Framework for\u00a0Machine-Readable AI and\u00a0Risk Documentation Inspired by\u00a0the\u00a0EU AI Act","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401172301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073133553","display_name":"Delaram Golpayegani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Delaram Golpayegani","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-186X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057437539","display_name":"Isabelle Hupont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-9397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Hupont","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-9397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021515262","display_name":"Cecilia Panigutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-787X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Panigutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-787X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027694376","display_name":"Harshvardhan J. Pandit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-3714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshvardhan J. Pandit","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADAPT Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-3714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADAPT Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048780370","display_name":"Sven Schade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Schade","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-5209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020871962","display_name":"Declan O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-3548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Declan O\u2019Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-3548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020081385","display_name":"David Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-4644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073133553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":14.2869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98948091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.8590276837348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7676682472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6431818008422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.49361932277679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.48447322845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4137086868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.38741418719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3751027286052704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34743547439575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3232751488685608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.8590276837348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7676682472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6431818008422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49361932277679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.48447322845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4137086868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38741418719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3751027286052704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34743547439575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3232751488685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-68024-3_3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401172301.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795274753","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2974071289","https://openalex.org/W2997468044","https://openalex.org/W3033293774","https://openalex.org/W3087485043","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3140244835","https://openalex.org/W3180969989","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4206484422","https://openalex.org/W4229446929","https://openalex.org/W4283325110","https://openalex.org/W4285272480","https://openalex.org/W4285401435","https://openalex.org/W4286374145","https://openalex.org/W4294934854","https://openalex.org/W4296086628","https://openalex.org/W4308784155","https://openalex.org/W4317748910","https://openalex.org/W4318067950","https://openalex.org/W4319601582","https://openalex.org/W4367059778","https://openalex.org/W4367310647","https://openalex.org/W4378942678","https://openalex.org/W4380319304","https://openalex.org/W4380320058","https://openalex.org/W4385566289","https://openalex.org/W4388000298","https://openalex.org/W4389565700","https://openalex.org/W4393003581","https://openalex.org/W4394999938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2123131699","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W650116260","https://openalex.org/W2378329187","https://openalex.org/W4390790060","https://openalex.org/W2134191509","https://openalex.org/W3209454962","https://openalex.org/W79697243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,6,55,71,87,130,146,157,164,171,177,185,192,219,242,245],"upcoming":[3],"enforcement":[4],"of":[5,11,31,40,70,89,107,118,133,145,156,205,244],"EU":[7],"AI":[8,13,49,56,72,83,94,109,134,137,147,172,186,225,246],"Act,":[9],"documentation":[10,52,169],"high-risk":[12],"systems":[14],"and":[15,42,50,120,126,142,188,202,213,233,240],"their":[16],"risk":[17,51,84,121],"management":[18],"information":[19,113],"will":[20],"become":[21],"a":[22,26,38,97,103,140],"legal":[23,200,211],"requirement":[24],"playing":[25],"pivotal":[27],"role":[28],"in":[29,124],"demonstration":[30],"compliance.":[32],"Despite":[33],"its":[34,150,189,236],"importance,":[35],"there":[36],"is":[37],"lack":[39],"standards":[41],"guidelines":[43],"to":[44,61,162,184,195,199,208],"assist":[45,209],"with":[46,54,139,210],"drawing":[47],"up":[48],"aligned":[53],"Act.":[57,247],"This":[58,175],"paper":[59],"aims":[60],"address":[62],"this":[63,90],"gap":[64],"by":[65,111],"providing":[66],"an":[67,108,223,228],"in-depth":[68],"analysis":[69],"Act\u2019s":[73],"provisions":[74],"regarding":[75,114],"technical":[76,115],"documentation,":[77],"wherein":[78],"we":[79,92,221],"particularly":[80],"focus":[81],"on":[82,154],"management.":[85],"On":[86],"basis":[88],"analysis,":[91],"propose":[93],"Cards":[95,135],"as":[96],"novel":[98],"holistic":[99],"framework":[100],"for":[101,167,180,227],"representing":[102],"given":[104],"intended":[105],"use":[106,148],"system":[110,187,232],"encompassing":[112],"specifications,":[116],"context":[117,243],"use,":[119],"management,":[122],"both":[123],"human-":[125],"machine-readable":[127,151],"formats.":[128],"While":[129],"human-readable":[131],"representation":[132],"provides":[136,191],"stakeholders":[138],"transparent":[141],"comprehensible":[143],"overview":[144],"case,":[149],"specification":[152],"leverages":[153],"state":[155],"art":[158],"Semantic":[159],"Web":[160],"technologies":[161],"embody":[163],"interoperability":[165],"needed":[166,194],"exchanging":[168],"within":[170,239],"value":[173],"chain.":[174],"brings":[176],"flexibility":[178],"required":[179],"reflecting":[181],"changes":[182],"applied":[183],"context,":[190],"scalability":[193],"accommodate":[196],"potential":[197,237],"amendments":[198],"requirements,":[201],"enables":[203],"development":[204],"automated":[206],"tools":[207],"compliance":[212],"conformity":[214],"assessment":[215],"tasks.":[216],"To":[217],"solidify":[218],"benefits,":[220],"provide":[222],"exemplar":[224],"Card":[226],"AI-based":[229],"student":[230],"proctoring":[231],"further":[234],"discuss":[235],"applications":[238],"beyond":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
