{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399210979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6","title":"Preliminary Systematic Review of Open-Source Large Language Models in Education","display_name":"Preliminary Systematic Review of Open-Source Large Language Models in Education","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399210979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078799785","display_name":"Michael Pin-Chuan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179301192","display_name":"Mount Saint Vincent University","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3p3b82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179301192"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pin-Chuan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-7024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179301192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044668950","display_name":"Daniel Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-8309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-8309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113705549","display_name":"Sarah Hall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179301192","display_name":"Mount Saint Vincent University","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3p3b82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179301192"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179301192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068228478","display_name":"Gaganpreet Jhajj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaganpreet Jhajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078799785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179301192"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97118455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8602712154388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5700576305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.42059773206710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41038772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3564409911632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.33697211742401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11763042211532593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8602712154388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5700576305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.42059773206710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41038772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3564409911632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33697211742401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11763042211532593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63028-6_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040208196","https://openalex.org/W2162723604","https://openalex.org/W2908107528","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W3123497531","https://openalex.org/W4280651558","https://openalex.org/W4298857973","https://openalex.org/W4306965485","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4362472309","https://openalex.org/W4367678106","https://openalex.org/W4381252082","https://openalex.org/W4382133845","https://openalex.org/W4383312437","https://openalex.org/W4383818129","https://openalex.org/W4384200891","https://openalex.org/W4385071300","https://openalex.org/W4386221177","https://openalex.org/W4386811596","https://openalex.org/W4390947766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124842464","https://openalex.org/W2382657549","https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W75565505","https://openalex.org/W4214847518","https://openalex.org/W3200575725","https://openalex.org/W4242732953","https://openalex.org/W1535063848","https://openalex.org/W2186225517","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-02-06T02:01:19.302388","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
