{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394626827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11","title":"Evolving Definitions of Hate Speech: The Impact of a Lack of Standardized Definitions","display_name":"Evolving Definitions of Hate Speech: The Impact of a Lack of Standardized Definitions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394626827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016446154","display_name":"S.K. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-245X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seul Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075849118","display_name":"Anne J. Gilliland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-7780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Gilliland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016446154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81308262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8340587615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37952345609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3724925220012665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8340587615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37952345609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3724925220012665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57860-1_11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049352959","https://openalex.org/W2108704908","https://openalex.org/W2340771648","https://openalex.org/W2492581828","https://openalex.org/W2577326365","https://openalex.org/W2602326674","https://openalex.org/W2729412353","https://openalex.org/W2904528483","https://openalex.org/W2963532322","https://openalex.org/W3080432310","https://openalex.org/W3094067570","https://openalex.org/W4229820686","https://openalex.org/W4241096513","https://openalex.org/W4283319036","https://openalex.org/W4298210043","https://openalex.org/W4310255440","https://openalex.org/W4317989964","https://openalex.org/W6631077994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}