{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388479542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10","title":"Legal Considerations on Gray Zone Operations \u2013 From a Norwegian Perspective","display_name":"Legal Considerations on Gray Zone Operations \u2013 From a Norwegian Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388479542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065231237","display_name":"L van den Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-5759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800413675","display_name":"Telenor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/02jsp2z03","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800413675"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Telenor, Fornebu, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-5759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telenor, Fornebu, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800413675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071972353","display_name":"Kirsi Helkala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121836","display_name":"Norwegian Defence University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfz9j23","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841409","https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirsi Helkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence University College/Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-4585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence University College/Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008770900","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 \u00c5rnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3780-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 \u00c5rnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","White Label Consultancy, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3780-3677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"White Label Consultancy, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071972353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61780504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"162","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13572","display_name":"German Security and Defense Policies","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation","display_name":"Legislation","score":0.7515571713447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6679918766021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.661948025226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray","display_name":"Gray (unit)","score":0.6241167783737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norwegian","display_name":"Norwegian","score":0.5599455237388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49000564217567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.4764197766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.44807836413383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.43849191069602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain","display_name":"Public domain","score":0.4347417950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3817940652370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.379720002412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.30123698711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.27555882930755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17950454354286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1381148397922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1191307008266449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.7515571713447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6679918766021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.661948025226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6241167783737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.5599455237388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49000564217567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.4764197766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44807836413383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43849191069602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512654426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19652","display_name":"Public domain","level":2,"score":0.4347417950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3817940652370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.379720002412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30123698711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27555882930755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17950454354286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1381148397922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1191307008266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47748-5_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153594315","https://openalex.org/W2523964121","https://openalex.org/W2887209268","https://openalex.org/W3027024040","https://openalex.org/W3149265432","https://openalex.org/W4231121323","https://openalex.org/W4306250110","https://openalex.org/W4312325696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349031816","https://openalex.org/W2061564463","https://openalex.org/W1985929414","https://openalex.org/W2512753411","https://openalex.org/W2028240842","https://openalex.org/W2354572397","https://openalex.org/W1972562838","https://openalex.org/W2325410321","https://openalex.org/W2286952125","https://openalex.org/W4233839983"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-23T23:20:30.427331","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
