{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388082345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18","title":"Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Classification","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388082345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169156","display_name":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","issn_l":"2367-3370","issn":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10042&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003520489","display_name":"Raghib Barkat Muhib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghib Barkat Muhib","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017364044","display_name":"Imran Shafiq Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Shafiq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062831830","display_name":"Boubakeur Boufama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boubakeur Boufama","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017364044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68450479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7165987491607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6707719564437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.632451057434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5790863633155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5428441166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4951430857181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.4717855155467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4661394953727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4283352196216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40291672945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3012123107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19439873099327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.05698662996292114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7165987491607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6707719564437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.632451057434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5790863633155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5428441166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4951430857181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.4717855155467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4661394953727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4283352196216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40291672945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3012123107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19439873099327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.05698662996292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47451-4_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169156","display_name":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","issn_l":"2367-3370","issn":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-10042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10042&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-10042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10042&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50781798","https://openalex.org/W2007657444","https://openalex.org/W2047139834","https://openalex.org/W2069428064","https://openalex.org/W2104954130","https://openalex.org/W2121260331","https://openalex.org/W2131490314","https://openalex.org/W2144720632","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2218535067","https://openalex.org/W2312831072","https://openalex.org/W2517617279","https://openalex.org/W2597979404","https://openalex.org/W2769723619","https://openalex.org/W2940692219","https://openalex.org/W2942523024","https://openalex.org/W3135266135","https://openalex.org/W3150848446","https://openalex.org/W4242175757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196952692","https://openalex.org/W2984708981","https://openalex.org/W4300939921","https://openalex.org/W4205117943","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2897517148","https://openalex.org/W3179744494","https://openalex.org/W4362670567","https://openalex.org/W3046945067"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}