{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387211790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3","title":"Chest X-ray Image Classification: A Causal Perspective","display_name":"Chest X-ray Image Classification: A Causal Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387211790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001185571","display_name":"Weizhi Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-8138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weizhi Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103109582","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-6613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634207","display_name":"Dan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-0276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103105311","display_name":"Yunpeng Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150108","display_name":"Tianjin Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9v1368","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150108"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunpeng Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, and Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, and Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150108","https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101205529","display_name":"Keliang Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802534033","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802534033"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keliang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802534033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081485810","display_name":"An-An Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5755-9145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An-An Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001185571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9858871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8145323395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6312870979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.5928686857223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5847448110580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5715092420578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5504096150398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.5501297116279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4952367842197418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32634586095809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06820127367973328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8145323395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6312870979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.5928686857223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5847448110580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5715092420578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5504096150398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5501297116279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4952367842197418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32634586095809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06820127367973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43898-1_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2934708523","https://openalex.org/W2949698495","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2963942157","https://openalex.org/W3023156552","https://openalex.org/W3096193903","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3103194435","https://openalex.org/W3113367126","https://openalex.org/W3118476129","https://openalex.org/W3121505931","https://openalex.org/W3122459568","https://openalex.org/W3165711712","https://openalex.org/W4225565617","https://openalex.org/W4226224676","https://openalex.org/W4283383251","https://openalex.org/W4288076043","https://openalex.org/W4290948450","https://openalex.org/W4293812393","https://openalex.org/W6600195515","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W3015678314","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386185023","https://openalex.org/W4317672133","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3081644756"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
