{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386810265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16","title":"Applying Pairwise Combinatorial Testing to\u00a0Large Language Model Testing","display_name":"Applying Pairwise Combinatorial Testing to\u00a0Large Language Model Testing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386810265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029870808","display_name":"Bernhard Garn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-211X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Garn","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023141771","display_name":"Ludwig Kampel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-5143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Kampel","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004568308","display_name":"Manuel Leithner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-1668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Leithner","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005030415","display_name":"Berina Celic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berina Celic","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092890373","display_name":"Ceren \u00c7ulha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceren \u00c7ulha","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033225925","display_name":"Irene Hiess","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Hiess","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002585960","display_name":"Klaus Kieseberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0902-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Kieseberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076280376","display_name":"Marlene Koelbing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marlene Koelbing","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051091226","display_name":"Dominik\u2010Philip Schreiber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik-Philip Schreiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890187","display_name":"Michael Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092890372","display_name":"Christoph Wech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9701-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Wech","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081519860","display_name":"Jovan Zivanovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jovan Zivanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059115625","display_name":"Dimitris E. Simos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris E. Simos","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, 1040, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023141771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88957937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"247","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7896181344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6962504386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6873000860214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.6763758659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5771921277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5698699355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.5398764610290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5360230803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5323615074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.45322805643081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20093795657157898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7896181344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6962504386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6873000860214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6763758659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5771921277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5698699355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.5398764610290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5360230803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5323615074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45322805643081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20093795657157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43240-8_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W2075699551","https://openalex.org/W2159850735","https://openalex.org/W2946465872","https://openalex.org/W2946659172","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W3047496865","https://openalex.org/W3103873238","https://openalex.org/W3105928338","https://openalex.org/W3157483947","https://openalex.org/W4255542575","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4324311639","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W2562400057","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W4321353415"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
