{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384573255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","title":"Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness","display_name":"Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384573255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080555605","display_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611999","display_name":"Mahyar Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0820-1696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahyar Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0820-1696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060738050","display_name":"Konstantin Kueffner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Kueffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-2542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081483854","display_name":"Kaushik Mallik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Mallik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-7475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081483854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":2.692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91796517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"358","last_page":"382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequentist-inference","display_name":"Frequentist inference","score":0.8926025629043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786899209022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5241435170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.50797039270401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4768168330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4241158962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4130558371543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40460142493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.3710264563560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3412569761276245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162376815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2158281","display_name":"Frequentist inference","level":4,"score":0.8926025629043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786899209022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5241435170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.50797039270401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4768168330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4241158962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4130558371543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40460142493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.3710264563560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3412569761276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384573255.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384573255.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116680363","https://openalex.org/W175120007","https://openalex.org/W1489725951","https://openalex.org/W1533557569","https://openalex.org/W1547304883","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2121167614","https://openalex.org/W2141881497","https://openalex.org/W2322462744","https://openalex.org/W2469763707","https://openalex.org/W2480600923","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2762833920","https://openalex.org/W2785011159","https://openalex.org/W2785700716","https://openalex.org/W2787596386","https://openalex.org/W2798942084","https://openalex.org/W2888078780","https://openalex.org/W2910185446","https://openalex.org/W2943876157","https://openalex.org/W2962922665","https://openalex.org/W2963392941","https://openalex.org/W2964031043","https://openalex.org/W2965290738","https://openalex.org/W2965749257","https://openalex.org/W2974817986","https://openalex.org/W2979630334","https://openalex.org/W2980222512","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2989168403","https://openalex.org/W3013778941","https://openalex.org/W3030081171","https://openalex.org/W3086166649","https://openalex.org/W3092183339","https://openalex.org/W3110181119","https://openalex.org/W3175229932","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3184761245","https://openalex.org/W3214890551","https://openalex.org/W4230569261","https://openalex.org/W4246555007","https://openalex.org/W4287780611","https://openalex.org/W4375959315","https://openalex.org/W4384573255","https://openalex.org/W6603509055","https://openalex.org/W6756847103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290754432","https://openalex.org/W2789413038","https://openalex.org/W4300815303","https://openalex.org/W3002319139","https://openalex.org/W2951176680","https://openalex.org/W4286903091","https://openalex.org/W3207575386","https://openalex.org/W2915833575","https://openalex.org/W3211486482","https://openalex.org/W4288108272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Machine-learned":[1],"systems":[2,37],"are":[3,18,40,43,144,164,179],"in":[4,111,206,221,239,242],"widespread":[5],"use":[6],"for":[7,36],"making":[8],"decisions":[9],"about":[10,187],"humans,":[11],"and":[12,70,89,125,148,152,215,247],"it":[13],"is":[14,115,204,219],"important":[15],"that":[16,56,76,106,109,163,178],"they":[17,234],"fair,":[19],"i.e.,":[20],"not":[21],"biased":[22,101],"against":[23],"individuals":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26,105,230],"sensitive":[27],"attributes.":[28],"We":[29,51,73],"present":[30],"runtime":[31],"verification":[32],"of":[33,81,97,145],"algorithmic":[34,61],"fairness":[35,62],"whose":[38],"models":[39],"unknown,":[41],"but":[42],"assumed":[44],"to":[45,117,169,182,209,255],"have":[46],"a":[47,53,78,86,94,121,126,183,192,202,217,226,253],"Markov":[48],"chain":[49],"structure.":[50],"introduce":[52],"specification":[54],"language":[55],"can":[57,199],"model":[58],"many":[59],"common":[60],"properties,":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65,83,136],"demographic":[66],"parity,":[67],"equal":[68],"opportunity,":[69],"social":[71,213],"burden.":[72],"build":[74],"monitors":[75,143,160,175,249],"observe":[77],"long":[79],"sequence":[80,139],"events":[82],"generated":[84],"by":[85],"given":[87,127,184],"system,":[88],"output,":[90],"after":[91,259],"each":[92,260],"observation,":[93],"quantitative":[95],"estimate":[96,114],"how":[98,197],"fair":[99,205,220],"or":[100],"the":[102,131,137,158,170,173,188,231],"system":[103],"was":[104],"run":[107],"until":[108],"point":[110],"time.":[112],"The":[113],"proven":[116],"be":[118],"correct":[119,166,180],"modulo":[120],"variable":[122],"error":[123,132],"bound":[124,133],"confidence":[128],"level,":[129],"where":[130],"gets":[134,140],"tighter":[135],"observed":[138],"longer.":[141],"Our":[142],"two":[146],"types,":[147],"use,":[149],"respectively,":[150],"frequentist":[151,159,246],"Bayesian":[153,174,248],"statistical":[154],"inference":[155],"techniques.":[156],"While":[157],"compute":[161,176],"estimates":[162,177],"objectively":[165],"with":[167],"respect":[168],"ground":[171],"truth,":[172],"subject":[181],"prior":[185],"belief":[186],"system\u2019s":[189],"model.":[190],"Using":[191],"prototype":[193],"implementation,":[194],"we":[195,198],"show":[196],"monitor":[200],"if":[201,216],"bank":[203],"giving":[207],"loans":[208],"applicants":[210],"from":[211],"different":[212,236],"backgrounds,":[214],"college":[218],"admitting":[222],"students":[223],"while":[224],"maintaining":[225],"reasonable":[227],"financial":[228],"burden":[229],"society.":[232],"Although":[233],"exhibit":[235],"theoretical":[237],"complexities":[238],"certain":[240],"cases,":[241],"our":[243],"experiments,":[244],"both":[245],"took":[250],"less":[251],"than":[252],"millisecond":[254],"update":[256],"their":[257],"verdicts":[258],"observation.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}