{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379620650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18","title":"Is There a\u00a0Relationship Between Grid Operators\u2019 Cybersecurity Level and\u00a0Electricity Outages?","display_name":"Is There a\u00a0Relationship Between Grid Operators\u2019 Cybersecurity Level and\u00a0Electricity Outages?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379620650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049075018","display_name":"\u00d8yvind Toftegaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-6891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289977165","display_name":"Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/039kcn609","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289977165","https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00d8yvind Toftegaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","The Norwegian Energy Regulatory Authority, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Norwegian Energy Regulatory Authority, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289977165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058125680","display_name":"Bernhard M. H\u00e4mmerli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-1154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112078","display_name":"University of Teacher Education Lucerne","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ynq74","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112078"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81007117","display_name":"Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04nd0xd48","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161941770","display_name":"University of Lucerne","ror":"https://ror.org/00kgrkn83","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161941770"]}],"countries":["CH","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard H\u00e4mmerli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucerne School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Luzern, Switzerland","Lucerne University of Applied Sciences, Lucerne, Switzerland","Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucerne School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Luzern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112078","https://openalex.org/I81007117","https://openalex.org/I161941770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucerne University of Applied Sciences, Lucerne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031354715","display_name":"Jon-Martin Storm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-7631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310784620","display_name":"Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/02syy7986","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310784620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon-Martin Storm","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway","University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310784620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049075018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289977165","https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24642464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"249","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7011979818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6252803802490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5792720913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5401071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5255787968635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.49455854296684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.48431673645973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4307458996772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-distribution","display_name":"Electric power distribution","score":0.42764413356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norwegian","display_name":"Norwegian","score":0.42741304636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3456818759441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3373636305332184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.32075732946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2302810549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14907848834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1478855013847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12979191541671753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7011979818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6252803802490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5792720913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5401071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5255787968635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.49455854296684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48431673645973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4307458996772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206888370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844861","display_name":"Electric power distribution","level":3,"score":0.42764413356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.42741304636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3456818759441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3373636305332184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32075732946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2302810549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14907848834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1478855013847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12979191541671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35190-7_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068092377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310608222","https://openalex.org/W2540657885","https://openalex.org/W2059335227","https://openalex.org/W3122960407","https://openalex.org/W1892375139","https://openalex.org/W2168166147","https://openalex.org/W1990721886","https://openalex.org/W2558615695","https://openalex.org/W2342408980","https://openalex.org/W2007967665"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
