{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366721634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","title":"Propositional Proof Skeletons","display_name":"Propositional Proof Skeletons","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366721634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084729163","display_name":"Joseph E. Reeves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph E. Reeves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-0565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065492303","display_name":"Benjamin Kiesl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kiesl-Reiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025921874","display_name":"Marijn J. H. Heule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marijn J. H. Heule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-8801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084729163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":1.9231,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83611111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"329","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.9070195555686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7806882858276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6926695704460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-complexity","display_name":"Proof complexity","score":0.6409546136856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-assistant","display_name":"Proof assistant","score":0.6200942397117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40003296732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37836557626724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3279944658279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1893746256828308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.9070195555686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7806882858276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6926695704460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105605280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249999","display_name":"Proof complexity","level":3,"score":0.6409546136856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203265346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11387554","display_name":"Proof assistant","level":3,"score":0.6200942397117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40003296732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37836557626724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3279944658279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1893746256828308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G114342927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320817743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3622468541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3867351322","display_name":"SHF: Small: Synergy between Automated Reasoning and Interactive Theorem Proving","funder_award_id":"2229099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6098521345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6228126205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7999210852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","funder_display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8289759875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366721634.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134339645","https://openalex.org/W563958435","https://openalex.org/W1496529478","https://openalex.org/W1518705996","https://openalex.org/W1556207683","https://openalex.org/W2022589543","https://openalex.org/W2032089673","https://openalex.org/W2044560939","https://openalex.org/W2046239089","https://openalex.org/W2142785340","https://openalex.org/W2345876752","https://openalex.org/W2564212270","https://openalex.org/W2746765002","https://openalex.org/W2944421753","https://openalex.org/W2956139423","https://openalex.org/W3100251110","https://openalex.org/W3137055701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099785256","https://openalex.org/W353523607","https://openalex.org/W3100311625","https://openalex.org/W4323929316","https://openalex.org/W3196023996","https://openalex.org/W187835144","https://openalex.org/W4389158536","https://openalex.org/W2186044446","https://openalex.org/W2148013749","https://openalex.org/W1598473030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Modern":[1],"SAT":[2,87],"solvers":[3],"produce":[4],"proofs":[5,105],"of":[6,12,33,48,84],"unsatisfiability":[7],"to":[8,69,111],"justify":[9],"the":[10,22,85,91,117,130],"correctness":[11],"their":[13],"results.":[14],"These":[15],"proofs,":[16],"which":[17],"are":[18,109],"usually":[19],"represented":[20],"in":[21],"well-known":[23],"DRAT":[24],"format,":[25],"can":[26,65,103],"often":[27],"become":[28],"huge,":[29],"requiring":[30],"multiple":[31],"gigabytes":[32],"disk":[34],"storage.":[35],"We":[36,78],"present":[37],"a":[38,46,52,58,72,127,134],"technique":[39],"for":[40],"semantic":[41],"proof":[42,53,60,63,74,92,124],"compression":[43],"that":[44,101,108],"selects":[45],"subset":[47],"important":[49],"clauses":[50],"from":[51],"and":[54,90,137],"stores":[55],"them":[56],"as":[57],"so-called":[59],"skeleton.":[61],"This":[62],"skeleton":[64,128],"later":[66],"be":[67],"used":[68],"efficiently":[70],"reconstruct":[71],"full":[73],"by":[75],"exploiting":[76],"parallelism.":[77],"implemented":[79],"our":[80],"approach":[81],"on":[82,133],"top":[83],"award-winning":[86],"solver":[88],"CaDiCaL":[89],"checker":[93],"DRAT-trim.":[94],"In":[95],"an":[96],"experimental":[97],"evaluation,":[98],"we":[99,102],"demonstrate":[100],"compress":[104],"into":[106],"skeletons":[107],"100":[110],"5,":[112],"000":[113],"times":[114,141],"smaller":[115],"than":[116],"original":[118],"proofs.":[119],"For":[120],"almost":[121],"all":[122],"problems,":[123],"reconstruction":[125],"using":[126,144],"improves":[129],"solving":[131],"time":[132],"single":[135],"core,":[136],"is":[138],"around":[139],"five":[140],"faster":[142],"when":[143],"24":[145],"cores.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}