{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312613321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4","title":"What is Healthy? Generative Counterfactual Diffusion for Lesion Localization","display_name":"What is Healthy? Generative Counterfactual Diffusion for Lesion Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312613321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060434920","display_name":"Pedro Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-3049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096254","display_name":"Medical Research Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/00saj4962","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119294","display_name":"Canon (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s95xt63","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320697193","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013742372","display_name":"Antanas Kascenas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096254","display_name":"Medical Research Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/00saj4962","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119294","display_name":"Canon (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s95xt63","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320697193","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antanas Kascenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441084","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-6898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096254","display_name":"Medical Research Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/00saj4962","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119294","display_name":"Canon (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s95xt63","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320697193","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050825546","display_name":"Alison Q. O\u2019Neil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-0603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison Q. O\u2019Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054437456","display_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096254","display_name":"Medical Research Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/00saj4962","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119294","display_name":"Canon (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s95xt63","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320697193","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canon Medical Research Europe, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254","https://openalex.org/I4210119294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060434920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096254","https://openalex.org/I4210119294","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8311845660209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7955489158630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.621627688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.6190285086631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4426734447479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3734338879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.056047022342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.043586403131484985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8311845660209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7955489158630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.621627688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.6190285086631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4426734447479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3734338879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.056047022342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.043586403131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18576-2_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2979688502","https://openalex.org/W3021453653","https://openalex.org/W3118868805","https://openalex.org/W3200457825","https://openalex.org/W4225370003","https://openalex.org/W4297828509","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W6600336842","https://openalex.org/W6631455383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599","https://openalex.org/W3028847759","https://openalex.org/W2393688264","https://openalex.org/W3170174360"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
