{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297922592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","title":"EVExchange: A Relay Attack on\u00a0Electric Vehicle Charging System","display_name":"EVExchange: A Relay Attack on\u00a0Electric Vehicle Charging System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297922592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847107","display_name":"Mauro Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003312690","display_name":"Denis Donadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Donadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-9369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079723268","display_name":"Radha Poovendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-8097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radha Poovendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-8097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073358800","display_name":"Federico Turrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Turrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-2447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063847107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":23.0322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99754461,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"488","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512348890304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6092653870582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6004343628883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.5973546504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5870985984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5181764364242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.46548572182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44238099455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.42362403869628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18425321578979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11047130823135376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512348890304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6092653870582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6004343628883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.5973546504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5870985984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5181764364242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46548572182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44238099455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.42362403869628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18425321578979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11047130823135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3457950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3457950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_24.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6177982274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-20-1-2636","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8157731791","display_name":"Next Generation Internet Explorers Program","funder_award_id":"825183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297922592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297922592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516822507","https://openalex.org/W1543653153","https://openalex.org/W1632109869","https://openalex.org/W1977245960","https://openalex.org/W1985699715","https://openalex.org/W2021464726","https://openalex.org/W2042358705","https://openalex.org/W2067593715","https://openalex.org/W2099078650","https://openalex.org/W2103982743","https://openalex.org/W2106624044","https://openalex.org/W2161666560","https://openalex.org/W2162482319","https://openalex.org/W2210113357","https://openalex.org/W2218937857","https://openalex.org/W2281291499","https://openalex.org/W2328440980","https://openalex.org/W2493917174","https://openalex.org/W2592404563","https://openalex.org/W2752787535","https://openalex.org/W2906931925","https://openalex.org/W2906989414","https://openalex.org/W2967020320","https://openalex.org/W3006629274","https://openalex.org/W3046908199","https://openalex.org/W3048331861","https://openalex.org/W3093541846","https://openalex.org/W3152725140","https://openalex.org/W3173188912","https://openalex.org/W4200536802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4285042611","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2338718585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1,183],"support":[2],"the":[3,23,33,42,45,50,55,64,99,115,120,132,137,141,146,154,173,181,185,193,206,215,221,229],"increasing":[4],"spread":[5],"of":[6,20,149,192],"Electric":[7],"Vehicles":[8],"(EVs),":[9],"Charging":[10],"Stations":[11],"(CSs)":[12],"are":[13],"being":[14,226],"installed":[15],"worldwide.":[16],"The":[17],"new":[18,89],"generation":[19],"CSs":[21],"employs":[22],"Vehicle-To-Grid":[24],"(V2G)":[25],"paradigm":[26],"by":[27],"implementing":[28],"novel":[29,59],"standards":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"ISO":[34,194],"15118.":[35],"This":[36,58],"standard":[37],"enables":[38],"high-level":[39],"communication":[40],"between":[41],"vehicle":[43],"and":[44,53,72,88,152,165,175],"charging":[46,60,107,114,128],"column,":[47],"helps":[48],"manage":[49],"charge":[51],"smartly,":[52],"simplifies":[54],"payment":[56],"phase.":[57],"paradigm,":[61],"which":[62,170],"connects":[63],"Smart":[65],"Grid":[66],"to":[67,84,102,197,228],"external":[68],"networks":[69],"(e.g.,":[70],"EVs":[71],"CSs),":[73],"has":[74],"not":[75],"been":[76],"thoroughly":[77],"examined":[78],"yet.":[79],"Therefore,":[80],"it":[81],"may":[82],"lead":[83],"dangerous":[85],"vulnerability":[86],"surfaces":[87],"research":[90],"challenges.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,150],"paper,":[94],"we":[95,171,187,204],"present":[96],"EVExchange":[97],",":[98],"first":[100],"attack":[101,174,223],"steal":[103],"energy":[104,138],"during":[105],"a":[106,110,157,163,166,189,199],"session":[108],"in":[109,169,179],"V2G":[111],"communication:":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"attacker\u2019s":[116],"car":[117],"while":[118,225],"letting":[119],"victim":[121,155],"pay":[122],"for":[123],"it.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"if":[126],"reverse":[127],"flow":[129],"is":[130],"enabled,":[131],"attacker":[133],"can":[134,218],"even":[135],"sell":[136],"available":[139],"on":[140,208],"victim\u2019s":[142],"car!":[143],"Thus,":[144],"getting":[145],"economic":[147],"profit":[148],"selling,":[151],"leaving":[153],"with":[156],"completely":[158],"discharged":[159],"battery.":[160],"We":[161],"developed":[162],"virtual":[164],"physical":[167],"testbed":[168],"validate":[172],"prove":[176],"its":[177],"effectiveness":[178],"stealing":[180],"energy.":[182],"prevent":[184],"attack,":[186],"propose":[188],"lightweight":[190],"modification":[191],"15118":[195],"protocol":[196],"include":[198],"distance":[200],"bounding":[201],"algorithm.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"validated":[205],"countermeasure":[207,217],"our":[209],"testbeds.":[210],"Our":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213],"that":[214],"proposed":[216],"identify":[219],"all":[220],"relay":[222],"attempts":[224],"transparent":[227],"user.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
