{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312325696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9","title":"AI in Cyber Operations: Ethical and Legal Considerations for End-Users","display_name":"AI in Cyber Operations: Ethical and Legal Considerations for End-Users","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312325696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417712","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071972353","display_name":"Kirsi Helkala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121836","display_name":"Norwegian Defence University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfz9j23","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841409","https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60419261","display_name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx54y73","country_code":"NO","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirsi Helkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence University College/Cyber Academy, Lillehammer, Norway","Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence University College/Cyber Academy, Lillehammer, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021570300","display_name":"James M. Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-3022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430641","display_name":"United States Air Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0055d0g64","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I430641"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["United State Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United State Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016316617","display_name":"George Lucas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["United State Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United State Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043513868","display_name":"Frank Pasquale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180140025","display_name":"Brooklyn Law School","ror":"https://ror.org/002w9k038","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180140025"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Pasquale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180140025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054472660","display_name":"Gregory M. Reichberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60419261","display_name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx54y73","country_code":"NO","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Reichberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080947136","display_name":"Henrik Syse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-8079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60419261","display_name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx54y73","country_code":"NO","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Syse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peace Research Institute Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60419261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071972353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836","https://openalex.org/I60419261"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93262822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"185","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.8067898750305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.7059323191642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.618451714515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5018808841705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45999467372894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43876853585243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4290550649166107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.42815518379211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.34081292152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.330095112323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3049626648426056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2952321171760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.19183382391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1560714840888977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.8067898750305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7059323191642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.618451714515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5018808841705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45999467372894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43876853585243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4290550649166107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.42815518379211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.34081292152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.330095112323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3049626648426056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2952321171760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.19183382391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1560714840888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417712","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078348459","https://openalex.org/W2153594315","https://openalex.org/W2178016247","https://openalex.org/W2269870390","https://openalex.org/W2340054149","https://openalex.org/W2592847956","https://openalex.org/W2861867928","https://openalex.org/W2929803724","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W3004908285","https://openalex.org/W3009152417","https://openalex.org/W3027024040","https://openalex.org/W3038596031","https://openalex.org/W3120397982","https://openalex.org/W3216064072","https://openalex.org/W4230537783","https://openalex.org/W4240187149","https://openalex.org/W4245587674","https://openalex.org/W4246717786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W4385323698","https://openalex.org/W2385362579","https://openalex.org/W2380993274"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}