{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289874371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","title":"Local Search for\u00a0SMT on\u00a0Linear Integer Arithmetic","display_name":"Local Search for\u00a0SMT on\u00a0Linear Integer Arithmetic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289874371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077138780","display_name":"Shaowei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-6922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaowei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443979","display_name":"Bohan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056982340","display_name":"Xindi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-7194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xindi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077138780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":6.7941,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97315189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7452661991119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability-modulo-theories","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","score":0.6668691039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6092744469642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5554370880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5176109075546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.5021257400512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.49706652760505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulo","display_name":"Modulo","score":0.4611099064350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4574403762817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computability","display_name":"Computability","score":0.4482477307319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38776957988739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.27326881885528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2059878706932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.14710268378257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1300066113471985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7452661991119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.6668691039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6092744469642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5554370880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5176109075546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.5021257400512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49706652760505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54732982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415345","display_name":"Modulo","level":2,"score":0.4611099064350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4574403762817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152062344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818888","display_name":"Computability","level":2,"score":0.4482477307319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38776957988739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27326881885528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2059878706932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14710268378257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1300066113471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3642641767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289874371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289874371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167199924","https://openalex.org/W221832247","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1481397690","https://openalex.org/W1491144250","https://openalex.org/W1496083386","https://openalex.org/W1500991862","https://openalex.org/W1505818550","https://openalex.org/W1532000439","https://openalex.org/W1592502301","https://openalex.org/W1599710431","https://openalex.org/W1601158010","https://openalex.org/W1748968569","https://openalex.org/W1875182499","https://openalex.org/W2017127020","https://openalex.org/W2021915358","https://openalex.org/W2022846948","https://openalex.org/W2032382981","https://openalex.org/W2076667206","https://openalex.org/W2097153130","https://openalex.org/W2100126165","https://openalex.org/W2124141583","https://openalex.org/W2125967324","https://openalex.org/W2141780739","https://openalex.org/W2182702718","https://openalex.org/W2238963713","https://openalex.org/W2491318681","https://openalex.org/W2495572426","https://openalex.org/W2903666872","https://openalex.org/W2945675489","https://openalex.org/W2956182160","https://openalex.org/W2969721123","https://openalex.org/W3005566493","https://openalex.org/W4235975350","https://openalex.org/W4236605548","https://openalex.org/W6753314051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117548279","https://openalex.org/W2807449856","https://openalex.org/W238211858","https://openalex.org/W2070252991","https://openalex.org/W2025727968","https://openalex.org/W2941201715","https://openalex.org/W2803761277","https://openalex.org/W4297742300","https://openalex.org/W2810367355","https://openalex.org/W2131919998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Satisfiability":[1],"Modulo":[2],"Linear":[3],"Integer":[4],"Arithmetic,":[5],"SMT":[6,27,81,121,166],"(LIA)":[7,28,82],"for":[8,26,64],"short,":[9],"has":[10],"significant":[11],"applications":[12],"in":[13],"many":[14],"domains.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"we":[19,55,76],"develop":[20,77],"the":[21,36,47,141],"first":[22],"local":[23,42,79],"search":[24,43,80],"algorithm":[25],"by":[29,45],"directly":[30],"operating":[31],"on":[32,93,127,143],"variables,":[33],"breaking":[34],"through":[35],"traditional":[37,164],"framework.":[38],"We":[39],"propose":[40,67],"a":[41,57,68,78],"framework":[44],"considering":[46],"distinctions":[48],"between":[49],"Boolean":[50],"and":[51,60,66,97,106,117,123,149],"integer":[52,132],"variables.":[53,133],"Moreover,":[54],"design":[56],"novel":[58],"operator":[59],"scoring":[61],"functions":[62],"tailored":[63],"LIA,":[65],"two-level":[69],"operation":[70],"selection":[71],"heuristic.":[72],"Putting":[73],"these":[74],"together,":[75],"solver":[83],"called":[84],"LS-LIA.":[85],"Experiments":[86],"are":[87],"carried":[88],"out":[89],"to":[90],"evaluate":[91],"LS-LIA":[92,114,154],"benchmarks":[94,151,160],"from":[95,102,152],"SMTLIB":[96],"two":[98],"benchmark":[99,145],"sets":[100,146],"generated":[101],"job":[103],"shop":[104],"scheduling":[105],"data":[107],"race":[108],"detection.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"that":[113],"is":[115],"competitive":[116],"complementary":[118],"with":[119,130,138],"state-of-the-art":[120,142],"solvers,":[122],"performs":[124],"particularly":[125],"well":[126],"those":[128],"formulae":[129],"only":[131],"A":[134],"simple":[135],"sequential":[136],"portfolio":[137],"Z3":[139],"improves":[140],"satisfiable":[144],"of":[147],"LIA":[148],"IDL":[150],"SMT-LIB.":[153],"also":[155],"solves":[156],"Job":[157],"Shop":[158],"Scheduling":[159],"substantially":[161],"faster":[162],"than":[163],"complete":[165],"solvers.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}