{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226521406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","title":"Better Counterexamples for Dafny","display_name":"Better Counterexamples for Dafny","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226521406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044253018","display_name":"Aleksandar Chakarov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar Chakarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078966759","display_name":"Aleksandr Fedchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-1941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandr Fedchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-1941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021217615","display_name":"Zvonimir Rakamari\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zvonimir Rakamari\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047763549","display_name":"Neha Rungta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-8940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Rungta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078966759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":4.4507,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95328545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"404","last_page":"411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.9007794260978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8529938459396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.7322544455528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6982390284538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.5952774882316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4984309673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.49513640999794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.44271910190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.44064226746559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13375937938690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10505998134613037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.9007794260978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8529938459396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.7322544455528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6982390284538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5952774882316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4984309673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.49513640999794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.44271910190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.44064226746559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13375937938690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10505998134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226521406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226521406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41329643","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1606177908","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2770103357","https://openalex.org/W2806126867","https://openalex.org/W2884432391","https://openalex.org/W3192442082","https://openalex.org/W4211123598","https://openalex.org/W6931262465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013037783","https://openalex.org/W2909413202","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W4385243142","https://openalex.org/W2561644314","https://openalex.org/W2794118724","https://openalex.org/W2912135124","https://openalex.org/W3107591246","https://openalex.org/W3155032774","https://openalex.org/W3107899593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Dafny":[1,25,97,110,130],"is":[2,63,100],"a":[3,28,36,48,52,65,89,119],"verification-aware":[4],"programming":[5],"language":[6],"used":[7],"at":[8],"Amazon":[9],"Web":[10],"Services":[11],"to":[12,58,88,95,112],"develop":[13],"critical":[14],"components":[15],"of":[16,35,118,129],"their":[17,61,122],"access":[18],"management,":[19],"storage,":[20],"and":[21,60,99],"cryptography":[22],"infrastructures.":[23],"The":[24],"toolchain":[26],"provides":[27],"verifier":[29],"that":[30,80,93],"can":[31],"prove":[32],"an":[33,77],"implementation":[34],"method":[37],"satisfies":[38],"its":[39],"specification.":[40],"When":[41],"the":[42,68,85,96,109,115,127],"underlying":[43],"SMT":[44,86],"solver":[45,87],"cannot":[46],"establish":[47],"proof,":[49,123],"it":[50],"generates":[51],"counterexample.":[53],"These":[54],"counterexamples":[55,82],"are":[56],"hard":[57],"understand":[59],"interpretation":[62],"often":[64],"bottleneck":[66],"in":[67],"proof":[69],"debugging":[70],"process.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"introduce":[76],"open-source":[78],"tool":[79,107],"transforms":[81],"generated":[83],"by":[84],"more":[90],"user-friendly":[91],"format":[92],"maps":[94],"syntax":[98],"suitable":[101],"for":[102],"further":[103],"processing.":[104],"This":[105],"new":[106],"allows":[108],"developers":[111],"quickly":[113],"identify":[114],"root":[116],"cause":[117],"problem":[120],"with":[121],"thereby":[124],"speeding":[125],"up":[126],"development":[128],"projects.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}