{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226420974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7","title":"PET Normalizations to Improve Deep Learning Auto-Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumors in 3D PET/CT","display_name":"PET Normalizations to Improve Deep Learning Auto-Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumors in 3D PET/CT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226420974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069786316","display_name":"Jintao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-7196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-7196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063872512","display_name":"Bao Ngoc Huynh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-132X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao-Ngoc Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-132X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021797936","display_name":"Aurora Rosvoll Groendahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-3844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurora Rosvoll Groendahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-3844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029866984","display_name":"Oliver Tomi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Tomic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037561171","display_name":"Cecilia Marie Futs\u00e6ther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-0719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Marie Futsaether","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-0719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027977681","display_name":"Stine Korreman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-382X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stine Sofia Korreman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-382X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":2.7259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91985781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"83","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8142473697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434884309768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6927621364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hausdorff-distance","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","score":0.666003942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice","display_name":"Dice","score":0.6033965349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5547283887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.5321798920631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4985177516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck","display_name":"Head and neck","score":0.4565751552581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4388006925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4299047291278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37561699748039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3743298053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20868760347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10896158218383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06849050521850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06220999360084534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8142473697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434884309768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6927621364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141898687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501997","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","level":2,"score":0.666003942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.6033965349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5547283887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5321798920631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4985177516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018411727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3867488","display_name":"Head and neck","level":2,"score":0.4565751552581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4388006925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4299047291278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37561699748039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3743298053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20868760347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10896158218383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06849050521850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06220999360084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98253-9_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126689170&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400063","display_name":"Scopus (Elsevier)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e5af1a6e-aab3-40b8-9f68-35df9c0eacd4","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069767356","https://openalex.org/W2088783247","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2589009206","https://openalex.org/W2594164447","https://openalex.org/W2972640676","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3048182370","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3119087862","https://openalex.org/W3119385269","https://openalex.org/W3122088095","https://openalex.org/W3127671756","https://openalex.org/W3136424010","https://openalex.org/W3178300374","https://openalex.org/W4200066891","https://openalex.org/W4226406479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402926319","https://openalex.org/W4389060404","https://openalex.org/W2973136608","https://openalex.org/W3012828488","https://openalex.org/W4286233748","https://openalex.org/W4254054209","https://openalex.org/W3127600691","https://openalex.org/W3188463548","https://openalex.org/W1121315442","https://openalex.org/W4363650189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auto-segmentation":[0],"of":[1,39,47,84,92,103,111],"head":[2],"and":[3,22,27,44,105],"neck":[4],"cancer":[5],"(HNC)":[6],"primary":[7],"gross":[8],"tumor":[9],"volume":[10],"(GTVt)":[11],"is":[12],"a":[13],"necessary":[14],"but":[15],"challenging":[16],"process":[17],"for":[18,74],"radiotherapy":[19],"treatment":[20],"planning":[21],"radiomics":[23],"studies.":[24],"The":[25],"HEad":[26],"neCK":[28],"TumOR":[29],"Segmentation":[30],"Challenge":[31],"(HECKTOR)":[32],"2021":[33],"comprises":[34],"two":[35,61],"major":[36],"tasks:":[37],"auto-segmentation":[38],"GTVt":[40,77],"in":[41],"FDG-PET/CT":[42],"images":[43],"the":[45,56,82,115],"prediction":[46],"patient":[48],"outcomes.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"focus":[54],"on":[55,114],"segmentation":[57],"part":[58],"by":[59],"proposing":[60],"PET":[62,72],"normalization":[63],"methods":[64],"to":[65],"mitigate":[66],"impacts":[67],"from":[68],"intensity":[69],"variances":[70],"between":[71],"scans":[73],"deep":[75],"learning-based":[76],"auto-segmentation.":[78],"We":[79],"also":[80],"compared":[81],"performance":[83],"three":[85],"popular":[86],"hybrid":[87],"loss":[88],"functions.":[89],"An":[90],"ensemble":[91],"our":[93],"proposed":[94],"models":[95],"achieved":[96],"an":[97],"average":[98],"Dice":[99],"Similarity":[100],"Coefficient":[101],"(DSC)":[102],"0.779":[104],"median":[106],"95%":[107],"Hausdorff":[108],"Distance":[109],"(HD95)":[110],"3.15":[112],"mm":[113],"test":[116],"set.":[117],"Team:":[118],"Aarhus_Oslo.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}