{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197057751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","title":"Stop Throwing Away Discriminators! Re-using Adversaries for Test-Time Training","display_name":"Stop Throwing Away Discriminators! Re-using Adversaries for Test-Time Training","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197057751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","mag":"3197057751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12280","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042576093","display_name":"Gabriele Valvano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Valvano","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","University of Edinburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000747225","display_name":"Andrea Leo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-6608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Leo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","[IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054437456","display_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","School of Engineering University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042576093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5552168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.9575937390327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8681285381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888932228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7330429553985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6097300052642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6021406650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5640382170677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5472168922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5015504360198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.49484509229660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46575480699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.42392027378082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.08412536978721619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.9575937390327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8681285381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888932228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7330429553985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6097300052642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6021406650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5640382170677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5472168922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5015504360198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.49484509229660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46575480699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.42392027378082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.08412536978721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.12280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12280","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12280","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3197057751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12280v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.12280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.12280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.12280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12280","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12280","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2065768018","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2470417264","https://openalex.org/W2537458122","https://openalex.org/W2620296437","https://openalex.org/W2798753173","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2890139949","https://openalex.org/W2902758299","https://openalex.org/W2962765321","https://openalex.org/W2963133080","https://openalex.org/W2963265008","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963709863","https://openalex.org/W2963836885","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964212410","https://openalex.org/W2964259506","https://openalex.org/W2970206392","https://openalex.org/W2978005227","https://openalex.org/W2979699329","https://openalex.org/W2980150285","https://openalex.org/W2990510714","https://openalex.org/W2995289379","https://openalex.org/W2995489995","https://openalex.org/W3006520502","https://openalex.org/W3014795415","https://openalex.org/W3015328626","https://openalex.org/W3037793939","https://openalex.org/W3100715827","https://openalex.org/W3117088788","https://openalex.org/W3119543788","https://openalex.org/W3129501203","https://openalex.org/W3152004749","https://openalex.org/W3175770036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204239080","https://openalex.org/W2996507322","https://openalex.org/W2951015184","https://openalex.org/W3043276225","https://openalex.org/W2977808227","https://openalex.org/W2798268958","https://openalex.org/W3016987077","https://openalex.org/W3103844776","https://openalex.org/W3170591124","https://openalex.org/W3202055739","https://openalex.org/W2799194071","https://openalex.org/W3004128646","https://openalex.org/W3200968549","https://openalex.org/W3107149675","https://openalex.org/W3080638712","https://openalex.org/W2996035354","https://openalex.org/W3166500718","https://openalex.org/W3207337382","https://openalex.org/W2953236957","https://openalex.org/W2261268509"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}