{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210482394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","title":"DeepFakes Detection Based on Heart Rate Estimation: Single- and Multi-frame","display_name":"DeepFakes Detection Based on Heart Rate Estimation: Single- and Multi-frame","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210482394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181928","display_name":"Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition","issn_l":"2191-6586","issn":["2191-6586","2191-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056531316","display_name":"Javier Hernandez\u2010Ortega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-3900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Hernandez-Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009955709","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Tolosana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-3066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Tolosana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081385","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Fi\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Fierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083125799","display_name":"Aythami Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-4785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aythami Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056531316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.6586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99986656,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7330629229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6448346972465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6279647946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5394384264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5275905728340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44460809230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37241560220718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3483937680721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.163021057844162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7330629229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6448346972465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6279647946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5394384264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5275905728340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44460809230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37241560220718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3483937680721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.163021057844162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181928","display_name":"Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition","issn_l":"2191-6586","issn":["2191-6586","2191-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/704882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/704882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400964","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181928","display_name":"Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition","issn_l":"2191-6586","issn":["2191-6586","2191-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2188020438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079885849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"860315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6281504974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-ITN-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7984235579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210482394.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210482394.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513213326","https://openalex.org/W1974436615","https://openalex.org/W2050132334","https://openalex.org/W2072273451","https://openalex.org/W2145131129","https://openalex.org/W2293794671","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2899275068","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2914447220","https://openalex.org/W2963377935","https://openalex.org/W2963433879","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3017837134","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3035063907","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3040168631","https://openalex.org/W3088851054","https://openalex.org/W3089132866","https://openalex.org/W3090001905","https://openalex.org/W3092997524","https://openalex.org/W3097243384","https://openalex.org/W3105798037","https://openalex.org/W3110734439","https://openalex.org/W3118738365","https://openalex.org/W3133531029","https://openalex.org/W3160045050","https://openalex.org/W3173317327","https://openalex.org/W3177182897","https://openalex.org/W4210482394","https://openalex.org/W4232109309","https://openalex.org/W6821277053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W2074467390","https://openalex.org/W2795393339","https://openalex.org/W2626393719","https://openalex.org/W2977517636","https://openalex.org/W1969179582","https://openalex.org/W2810129309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,49],"chapter":[2,50],"describes":[3],"a":[4,76,125],"DeepFake":[5,62,121,153,170],"detection":[6,60,122,171],"framework":[7],"based":[8,74,123,145],"on":[9,75,124,136,146,185],"physiological":[10,147],"measurement.":[11],"In":[12,155],"particular,":[13],"we":[14,158],"consider":[15],"information":[16,86],"related":[17],"to":[18,52,95,149],"the":[19,37,41,47,59,66,106,111,134,140,151,186,203],"heart":[20],"rate":[21],"using":[22,105],"remote":[23],"photoplethysmography":[24],"(rPPG).":[25],"rPPG":[26,55],"methods":[27],"analyze":[28,65],"video":[29,88,199],"sequences":[30,200],"looking":[31],"for":[32,58,120,167],"subtle":[33],"color":[34],"changes":[35],"in":[36,110],"human":[38,44],"skin,":[39],"revealing":[40],"presence":[42],"of":[43,61,142,206],"blood":[45],"under":[46],"tissues.":[48],"explores":[51],"what":[53],"extent":[54],"is":[56,73],"useful":[57],"videos.":[63,99,154],"We":[64,191],"recent":[67],"fake":[68,98,143],"detector":[69],"named":[70],"DeepFakesON-Phys":[71,100],"that":[72,193],"Convolutional":[77],"Attention":[78],"Network":[79],"(CAN),":[80],"which":[81],"extracts":[82],"spatial":[83],"and":[84,91,115,161,164,181],"temporal":[85],"from":[87,175,197],"frames,":[89],"analyzing":[90],"combining":[92,173,194],"both":[93,137],"sources":[94],"better":[96],"detect":[97,150],"has":[101],"been":[102],"experimentally":[103],"evaluated":[104],"latest":[107,152],"public":[108],"databases":[109],"field:":[112],"Celeb-DF":[113,187],"v2":[114,188],"DFDC.":[116],"The":[117],"results":[118],"achieved":[119],"single":[126],"frame":[127],"are":[128],"over":[129],"98%":[130],"AUC":[131],"(Area":[132],"Under":[133],"Curve)":[135],"databases,":[138],"proving":[139],"success":[141],"detectors":[144],"measurement":[148],"this":[156],"chapter,":[157],"also":[159],"propose":[160],"study":[162],"heuristical":[163],"statistical":[165],"approaches":[166],"performing":[168],"continuous":[169],"by":[172],"scores":[174,195],"consecutive":[176],"frames":[177],"with":[178],"low":[179],"latency":[180],"high":[182],"accuracy":[183],"(100%":[184],"evaluation":[189],"dataset).":[190],"show":[192],"extracted":[196],"short-time":[198],"can":[201],"improve":[202],"discrimination":[204],"power":[205],"DeepFakesON-Phys.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
