{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197528774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","title":"A Legal Framework for Digital Transformation: A Proposal Based on a Comparative Case Study","display_name":"A Legal Framework for Digital Transformation: A Proposal Based on a Comparative Case Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197528774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","mag":"3197528774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026680410","display_name":"Rozha K. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-6219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rozha K. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015837437","display_name":"Khder H. Muhammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802007472","display_name":"Kurdistan Regional Government","ror":"https://ror.org/05g801a49","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khder H. Muhammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060676186","display_name":"Awat O. Qadir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802007472","display_name":"Kurdistan Regional Government","ror":"https://ror.org/05g801a49","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awat O. Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025372463","display_name":"Soran I. Arif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802007472","display_name":"Kurdistan Regional Government","ror":"https://ror.org/05g801a49","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soran I. Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Judicial Council of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802007472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034889009","display_name":"Silvia Lips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Lips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090091466","display_name":"Katrin Nyman-Metcalf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin Nyman-Metcalf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088263741","display_name":"Ingrid Pappel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-9841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Pappel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024067855","display_name":"Dirk Draheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-7489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Draheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026680410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.4729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99228666,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14258","display_name":"Legal and Policy Issues","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6950138807296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-research","display_name":"Legal research","score":0.5765249729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-government","display_name":"E-Government","score":0.5520244836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4777085781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.43290814757347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.3741484582424164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3300997316837311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.27122682332992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24456718564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.17341133952140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.16190659999847412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6950138807296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.5765249729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170007233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211017","display_name":"E-Government","level":3,"score":0.5520244836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4777085781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.43290814757347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3741484582424164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3300997316837311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27122682332992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24456718564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.17341133952140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16190659999847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W404278393","https://openalex.org/W1496698723","https://openalex.org/W1509339004","https://openalex.org/W2160196038","https://openalex.org/W2460398570","https://openalex.org/W2526717411","https://openalex.org/W2765183980","https://openalex.org/W2769383861","https://openalex.org/W2918541580","https://openalex.org/W2944057243","https://openalex.org/W2969185589","https://openalex.org/W3038395865","https://openalex.org/W3091568973","https://openalex.org/W3124165843","https://openalex.org/W4380576080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W2358060160","https://openalex.org/W2035483685","https://openalex.org/W1969764885","https://openalex.org/W596947562","https://openalex.org/W2793937822","https://openalex.org/W2790817834","https://openalex.org/W2220552745","https://openalex.org/W2777605427"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}