{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184692337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","title":"An SMT Encoding of LLVM\u2019s Memory Model for Bounded Translation Validation","display_name":"An SMT Encoding of LLVM\u2019s Memory Model for Bounded Translation Validation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184692337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","mag":"3184692337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318692","display_name":"Juneyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-9304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juneyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089493805","display_name":"Dongjoo Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035382393","display_name":"Chung-Kil Hur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Kil Hur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088560717","display_name":"Nuno P. Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-1672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno P. Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100318692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":3.8152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94610526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"752","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9066462516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5857846140861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5657151341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5245176553726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.48066914081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.47481000423431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4704434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-model","display_name":"Memory model","score":0.43182751536369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20878294110298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"Shared memory","score":0.11593753099441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08165791630744934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9066462516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5857846140861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5657151341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5245176553726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.48066914081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.47481000423431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4704434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.43182751536369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20878294110298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.11593753099441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08165791630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/183782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/183782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_35.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184692337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184692337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74317754","https://openalex.org/W138311957","https://openalex.org/W249665729","https://openalex.org/W563467911","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1526037585","https://openalex.org/W1562865234","https://openalex.org/W1580779595","https://openalex.org/W1581674879","https://openalex.org/W1592502301","https://openalex.org/W1806382567","https://openalex.org/W1841862047","https://openalex.org/W1998263113","https://openalex.org/W2003164052","https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W2040856861","https://openalex.org/W2085050643","https://openalex.org/W2098456636","https://openalex.org/W2098643127","https://openalex.org/W2106892818","https://openalex.org/W2108174561","https://openalex.org/W2109861994","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2158493209","https://openalex.org/W2163132186","https://openalex.org/W2167029843","https://openalex.org/W2170737051","https://openalex.org/W2222934773","https://openalex.org/W2410327772","https://openalex.org/W2563082156","https://openalex.org/W2592137786","https://openalex.org/W2624178362","https://openalex.org/W2743924600","https://openalex.org/W2748224507","https://openalex.org/W2751641401","https://openalex.org/W2767813599","https://openalex.org/W2771024256","https://openalex.org/W2798573268","https://openalex.org/W2810373436","https://openalex.org/W2898471596","https://openalex.org/W2899856510","https://openalex.org/W2911450990","https://openalex.org/W2957284992","https://openalex.org/W2963437732","https://openalex.org/W2998875295","https://openalex.org/W3016694020","https://openalex.org/W3106716751","https://openalex.org/W3164004581","https://openalex.org/W4237203000","https://openalex.org/W4238083723","https://openalex.org/W4248514612","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298447450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013085049","https://openalex.org/W1560496689","https://openalex.org/W4386900933","https://openalex.org/W4385301946","https://openalex.org/W4297797135","https://openalex.org/W3125672081","https://openalex.org/W2561556975","https://openalex.org/W1673581201","https://openalex.org/W2991991550","https://openalex.org/W64182352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Several":[1],"automatic":[2],"verification":[3],"tools":[4,19],"have":[5,98],"been":[6,99],"recently":[7],"developed":[8],"to":[9,23,45,63,86],"verify":[10,24],"subsets":[11],"of":[12,17,36,48,59,65,67,69,96],"LLVM\u2019s":[13,37,49,116],"optimizations.":[14,26],"However,":[15],"none":[16],"these":[18],"has":[20],"robust":[21],"support":[22],"memory":[25,38,51,93],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"present":[31],"the":[32,119],"first":[33],"SMT":[34],"encoding":[35,75],"model":[39],"that":[40],"1)":[41],"is":[42],"sufficiently":[43],"precise":[44],"validate":[46],"all":[47],"intra-procedural":[50],"optimizations,":[52,94],"and":[53,83,114,118],"2)":[54],"enables":[55],"bounded":[56,79],"translation":[57,80],"validation":[58,81],"programs":[60],"with":[61],"up":[62],"hundreds":[64],"thousands":[66],"lines":[68],"code.":[70],"We":[71,102],"implemented":[72],"our":[73],"new":[74,89],"in":[76,91,107,124],"Alive2,":[77],"a":[78],"tool,":[82],"used":[84],"it":[85],"uncover":[87],"21":[88],"bugs":[90],"LLVM":[92,108],"10":[95],"which":[97],"already":[100],"fixed.":[101],"also":[103],"found":[104],"several":[105],"inconsistencies":[106],"IR\u2019s":[109],"official":[110],"specification":[111],"document":[112,120],"(LangRef)":[113],"fixed":[115],"code":[117],"so":[121],"they":[122],"are":[123],"agreement.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}