{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168585927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","title":"A Systematic Review of Data-Driven Approaches to Item Difficulty Prediction","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Data-Driven Approaches to Item Difficulty Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168585927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","mag":"3168585927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043437460","display_name":"Samah AlKhuzaey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samah AlKhuzaey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-1172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090523568","display_name":"Floriana Grasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floriana Grasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-6554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024107224","display_name":"Terry R. Payne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry R. Payne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-8731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060354953","display_name":"Valentina Tamma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Tamma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-610X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043437460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95345854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8351870775222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3819705843925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3621039390563965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8351870775222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3819705843925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3621039390563965}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W315951466","https://openalex.org/W611095317","https://openalex.org/W1555938369","https://openalex.org/W1991498684","https://openalex.org/W2025910815","https://openalex.org/W2042268434","https://openalex.org/W2047072044","https://openalex.org/W2047140011","https://openalex.org/W2074326640","https://openalex.org/W2084116555","https://openalex.org/W2104558852","https://openalex.org/W2132435942","https://openalex.org/W2152163007","https://openalex.org/W2155822928","https://openalex.org/W2164243765","https://openalex.org/W2165297076","https://openalex.org/W2183096291","https://openalex.org/W2247617224","https://openalex.org/W2250556123","https://openalex.org/W2293720556","https://openalex.org/W2317335287","https://openalex.org/W2463433017","https://openalex.org/W2547620388","https://openalex.org/W2556297673","https://openalex.org/W2556979914","https://openalex.org/W2576049115","https://openalex.org/W2579866106","https://openalex.org/W2605073321","https://openalex.org/W2726078560","https://openalex.org/W2753034412","https://openalex.org/W2780841523","https://openalex.org/W2802443482","https://openalex.org/W2884803076","https://openalex.org/W2945802760","https://openalex.org/W2964912036","https://openalex.org/W2970063886","https://openalex.org/W2981291497","https://openalex.org/W2984268961","https://openalex.org/W3003196939","https://openalex.org/W3010910478","https://openalex.org/W3012420325","https://openalex.org/W3037535674","https://openalex.org/W3043514820","https://openalex.org/W3046882705","https://openalex.org/W3094432321","https://openalex.org/W4206550126","https://openalex.org/W4232526824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
