{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125563751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","title":"Evaluating Multilingual Text Encoders for Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Retrieval","display_name":"Evaluating Multilingual Text Encoders for Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Retrieval","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125563751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","mag":"3125563751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076365848","display_name":"Robert Litschko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Litschko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","University of Mannheim*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mannheim*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014866912","display_name":"Ivan Vuli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-5422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Vuli\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","University of Mannheim*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mannheim*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017409996","display_name":"Simone Paolo Ponzetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-2049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Paolo Ponzetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","University of Mannheim*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mannheim*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079336821","display_name":"Goran Glava\u009a\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-6314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goran Glava\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01939158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"342","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8606210947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.7269583940505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7044230699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.638290286064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5684095025062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4954303503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.4262593388557434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8606210947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7269583940505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7044230699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.638290286064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5684095025062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4954303503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4262593388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.08370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3125563751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08370.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:60182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/327496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/327496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.08370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2101.08370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.74949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.74949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.08370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W1972594981","https://openalex.org/W2068297964","https://openalex.org/W2093390569","https://openalex.org/W2154200620","https://openalex.org/W2256784804","https://openalex.org/W2572474373","https://openalex.org/W2594021297","https://openalex.org/W2739351760","https://openalex.org/W2742155240","https://openalex.org/W2769280657","https://openalex.org/W2886198413","https://openalex.org/W2891177506","https://openalex.org/W2891555348","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2940927814","https://openalex.org/W2948384082","https://openalex.org/W2952638691","https://openalex.org/W2953109491","https://openalex.org/W2954573505","https://openalex.org/W2963001778","https://openalex.org/W2963165489","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963846996","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2964165804","https://openalex.org/W2964266061","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2965538726","https://openalex.org/W2970037872","https://openalex.org/W2970049541","https://openalex.org/W2970618241","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2970854433","https://openalex.org/W2971512105","https://openalex.org/W2973088264","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2982596739","https://openalex.org/W2983836503","https://openalex.org/W2988217457","https://openalex.org/W2995015695","https://openalex.org/W2995118574","https://openalex.org/W2996035354","https://openalex.org/W3011718307","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W3021300761","https://openalex.org/W3028616679","https://openalex.org/W3032608552","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3035459196","https://openalex.org/W3038033387","https://openalex.org/W3039695075","https://openalex.org/W3045733172","https://openalex.org/W3051275803","https://openalex.org/W3098903812","https://openalex.org/W3099771192","https://openalex.org/W3100806282","https://openalex.org/W3102286003","https://openalex.org/W3102483398","https://openalex.org/W3104033643","https://openalex.org/W3104723404","https://openalex.org/W3118485687","https://openalex.org/W3186903869","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W6600502394","https://openalex.org/W6604009900","https://openalex.org/W6636625392","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131662806","https://openalex.org/W3144596436","https://openalex.org/W3154079701","https://openalex.org/W2798994361","https://openalex.org/W2946045990","https://openalex.org/W3102455836","https://openalex.org/W3212748587","https://openalex.org/W3173110011","https://openalex.org/W2888536529","https://openalex.org/W2970189355","https://openalex.org/W3034565015","https://openalex.org/W3015426011","https://openalex.org/W3046415819","https://openalex.org/W3137720654","https://openalex.org/W3212833915","https://openalex.org/W2997327944","https://openalex.org/W2050576221","https://openalex.org/W3164350590","https://openalex.org/W3183587160","https://openalex.org/W2988809116"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}