{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120037435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","title":"Query Lifting","display_name":"Query Lifting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120037435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","mag":"3120037435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068699841","display_name":"Wilmer Ricciotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wilmer Ricciotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056138547","display_name":"James Cheney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Cheney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-9286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068699841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":6.825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96977273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"579","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8684911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.7723186016082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.6923298239707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.6193856000900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.590134859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5669794678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf-query-language","display_name":"RDF query language","score":0.5615933537483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5020174980163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.5019040107727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-query","display_name":"Spatial query","score":0.48908931016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.4650868773460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-query-language","display_name":"Object Query Language","score":0.4641600251197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiset","display_name":"Multiset","score":0.46101418137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44228196144104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.3751143515110016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3402141332626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3332855701446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3212992548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.3023442029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08386731147766113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8684911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.7723186016082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.6923298239707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.6193856000900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.590134859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5669794678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96956885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6138701","display_name":"RDF query language","level":5,"score":0.5615933537483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5020174980163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.5019040107727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172722865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial query","level":5,"score":0.48908931016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.4650868773460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117667704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2011708","display_name":"Object Query Language","level":5,"score":0.4641600251197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779623528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864377","display_name":"Multiset","level":2,"score":0.46101418137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44228196144104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.3751143515110016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3402141332626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3332855701446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3212992548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.3023442029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08386731147766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.04102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04102","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.04102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7984574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7984574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/374330ea-c76d-4e1e-96ed-aa996663ac2f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/374330ea-c76d-4e1e-96ed-aa996663ac2f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ricciotti, W & Cheney, J 2021, Query Lifting: Language-integrated query for heterogeneous nested collections. in Programming Languages and Systems (ESOP 2021). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12648, pp. 579\u2013606, 30th European Symposium on Programming, Online, 27/03/21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/374330ea-c76d-4e1e-96ed-aa996663ac2f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314707","display_name":"Government of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/05wnh3t63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120037435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120037435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75510074","https://openalex.org/W132218996","https://openalex.org/W1504215023","https://openalex.org/W1513902353","https://openalex.org/W1522042692","https://openalex.org/W1556345310","https://openalex.org/W1561487379","https://openalex.org/W1969621165","https://openalex.org/W1972514879","https://openalex.org/W1975612259","https://openalex.org/W1977101058","https://openalex.org/W1979093255","https://openalex.org/W2007074710","https://openalex.org/W2007397391","https://openalex.org/W2009448490","https://openalex.org/W2025969711","https://openalex.org/W2028596183","https://openalex.org/W2029138494","https://openalex.org/W2033229728","https://openalex.org/W2059267851","https://openalex.org/W2070774015","https://openalex.org/W2074716152","https://openalex.org/W2088675571","https://openalex.org/W2089781037","https://openalex.org/W2098946490","https://openalex.org/W2100220081","https://openalex.org/W2104200012","https://openalex.org/W2112708371","https://openalex.org/W2112866468","https://openalex.org/W2118172707","https://openalex.org/W2118227920","https://openalex.org/W2118578267","https://openalex.org/W2123092976","https://openalex.org/W2130872776","https://openalex.org/W2136327713","https://openalex.org/W2206254219","https://openalex.org/W2236043833","https://openalex.org/W2293299776","https://openalex.org/W2339920159","https://openalex.org/W2394802817","https://openalex.org/W2503947316","https://openalex.org/W2553990570","https://openalex.org/W2563985414","https://openalex.org/W2604845086","https://openalex.org/W2746597315","https://openalex.org/W2763767150","https://openalex.org/W2769649430","https://openalex.org/W2773027441","https://openalex.org/W2793334135","https://openalex.org/W2799730491","https://openalex.org/W2942769268","https://openalex.org/W2948362574","https://openalex.org/W2953181121","https://openalex.org/W2998952999","https://openalex.org/W3025915380","https://openalex.org/W3037132443","https://openalex.org/W3046674641","https://openalex.org/W3086346193","https://openalex.org/W3100044845","https://openalex.org/W3100186693","https://openalex.org/W3101249481","https://openalex.org/W3114122494","https://openalex.org/W3125241491","https://openalex.org/W4235016902","https://openalex.org/W4236781554","https://openalex.org/W4247732042","https://openalex.org/W4288079237","https://openalex.org/W4299855426","https://openalex.org/W6633431647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548279772","https://openalex.org/W2400419823","https://openalex.org/W4240833292","https://openalex.org/W2369494928","https://openalex.org/W2607400785","https://openalex.org/W1003283331","https://openalex.org/W2361332868","https://openalex.org/W1984116761","https://openalex.org/W2128834514","https://openalex.org/W2569286692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Language-integrated":[1],"query":[2,24,27,51,84,88,147],"based":[3,141],"on":[4,142],"comprehension":[5],"syntax":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,17,86,133],"powerful":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11,19,85,163],"safe":[12],"database":[13,50],"programming,":[14],"and":[15,59,118,126,131],"provides":[16],"basis":[18],"advanced":[20],"techniques":[21,42],"such":[22],"as":[23],"shredding":[25],"or":[26,72],"flattening":[28],"that":[29,56,74,115,145,149],"allow":[30],"efficient":[31],"programming":[32],"with":[33],"complex":[34],"nested":[35,139,151],"collections.":[36,77],"However,":[37],"the":[38,47,143,157],"foundations":[39],"of":[40],"these":[41,62],"are":[43,65],"lacking:":[44],"although":[45],"SQL,":[46,130],"most":[48],"widely-used":[49],"language,":[52],"supports":[53],"heterogeneous":[54,87,138],"queries":[55,128],"mix":[57],"set":[58,117],"multiset":[60,119],"semantics,":[61],"important":[63],"capabilities":[64],"not":[66],"supported":[67],"by":[68],"known":[69],"correctness":[70],"results":[71],"implementations":[73],"assume":[75],"homogeneous":[76],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"we":[81],"study":[82],"language-integrated":[83],"language":[89],"$$\\mathcal":[90],"{NRC}_{\\lambda":[91],"}(":[92],"Set,Bag":[93],")$$":[94],"<mml:math":[95],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[96],"<mml:mrow>":[97,102],"<mml:msub>":[98],"<mml:mi>NRC</mml:mi>":[99],"<mml:mi>\u03bb</mml:mi>":[100],"</mml:msub>":[101],"<mml:mo>(</mml:mo>":[103],"<mml:mi>S</mml:mi>":[104],"<mml:mi>e</mml:mi>":[105],"<mml:mi>t</mml:mi>":[106],"<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>":[107],"<mml:mi>B</mml:mi>":[108],"<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>":[109],"<mml:mi>g</mml:mi>":[110],"<mml:mo>)</mml:mo>":[111],"</mml:mrow>":[112,113],"</mml:math>":[114],"combines":[116],"constructs.":[120],"We":[121],"show":[122],"how":[123],"to":[124,129,136,156,161],"normalize":[125],"translate":[127],"develop":[132],"novel":[134],"approach":[135],"querying":[137],"collections,":[140],"insight":[144],"\u201clocal\u201d":[146],"subexpressions":[148],"calculate":[150],"subcollections":[152],"can":[153],"be":[154],"\u201clifted\u201d":[155],"top":[158],"level":[159],"analogously":[160],"lambda-lifting":[162],"local":[164],"function":[165],"definitions.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}