{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137008396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","title":"Do Judge a Test by its Cover","display_name":"Do Judge a Test by its Cover","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137008396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","mag":"3137008396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079995663","display_name":"Harrison Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harrison Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-1169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068339489","display_name":"John Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149418","display_name":"Quviq (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05q10zf45","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149418"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology and Quviq AB, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-0969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology and Quviq AB, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I4210149418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075217645","display_name":"Leonidas Lampropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-9815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonidas Lampropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-9815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085361253","display_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-1636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-1636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079995663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":4.6773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94407457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"264","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094226717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haskell","display_name":"Haskell","score":0.719232439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-explosion","display_name":"Combinatorial explosion","score":0.6014963984489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-product","display_name":"Cartesian product","score":0.5802438259124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5686125755310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5638512969017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5616518259048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5490317344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.4828920364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4742618799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4351050853729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4198228716850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.367683470249176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.367103636264801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.3520618975162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1981843113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18465936183929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.1574648916721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13228395581245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11914190649986267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094226717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34010","display_name":"Haskell","level":3,"score":0.719232439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115908005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668364","display_name":"Combinatorial explosion","level":2,"score":0.6014963984489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65236422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173740","display_name":"Cartesian product","level":2,"score":0.5802438259124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5686125755310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5638512969017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5616518259048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5490317344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.4828920364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4742618799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4351050853729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4198228716850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.367683470249176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.367103636264801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.3520618975162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1981843113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18465936183929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.1574648916721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13228395581245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11914190649986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:523792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/523792","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/527503/file/527503_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7984547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7984547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:527503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/ef9bf905-10bc-4153-9d78-e95ab02031fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2090296422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1421243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6080364906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1521523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7501088677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-06204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8039803440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-16-C-0022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137008396.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137008396.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184339100","https://openalex.org/W1490038304","https://openalex.org/W1560104296","https://openalex.org/W1595372275","https://openalex.org/W1606671498","https://openalex.org/W1973576343","https://openalex.org/W1990069336","https://openalex.org/W2021509247","https://openalex.org/W2023794717","https://openalex.org/W2026926213","https://openalex.org/W2029976661","https://openalex.org/W2045002843","https://openalex.org/W2074789981","https://openalex.org/W2075699551","https://openalex.org/W2119717320","https://openalex.org/W2125126351","https://openalex.org/W2126717908","https://openalex.org/W2128204165","https://openalex.org/W2153649445","https://openalex.org/W2155877593","https://openalex.org/W2157083801","https://openalex.org/W2162098417","https://openalex.org/W2278624804","https://openalex.org/W2476059279","https://openalex.org/W2535722923","https://openalex.org/W2574017551","https://openalex.org/W2606641626","https://openalex.org/W2735780801","https://openalex.org/W2784479349","https://openalex.org/W2885842896","https://openalex.org/W2888875512","https://openalex.org/W2963501551","https://openalex.org/W2980167976","https://openalex.org/W2980275936","https://openalex.org/W2999409539","https://openalex.org/W3039183210","https://openalex.org/W3090526726","https://openalex.org/W3101468996","https://openalex.org/W3107362213","https://openalex.org/W4212983671","https://openalex.org/W4238083723","https://openalex.org/W4244488020","https://openalex.org/W6780472836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119717320","https://openalex.org/W4242126179","https://openalex.org/W1983695976","https://openalex.org/W2170030045","https://openalex.org/W4363674087","https://openalex.org/W2147116815","https://openalex.org/W2527390967","https://openalex.org/W3155744979","https://openalex.org/W2405583496","https://openalex.org/W2102816555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Property-based":[1],"testing":[2,42,49],"uses":[3],"randomly":[4],"generated":[5],"inputs":[6,30,109],"to":[7,31,51,61,78,106,125,169],"validate":[8],"high-level":[9],"program":[10],"specifications.":[11],"It":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"shockingly":[15],"effective":[16],"at":[17],"finding":[18],"bugs,":[19],"but":[20],"it":[21],"often":[22],"requires":[23],"generating":[24],"a":[25,44,80,111,115,135,152,180,188],"very":[26,112],"large":[27],"number":[28],"of":[29,55,83,89,95,118,129,137,149,161],"do":[32],"so.":[33],"In":[34,98],"this":[35,174],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"apply":[38],"ideas":[39],"from":[40],"combinatorial":[41,71,102,123,154],",":[43,73],"powerful":[45],"and":[46,187],"widely":[47],"studied":[48],"methodology,":[50],"modify":[52],"the":[53,76,126,159],"distributions":[54],"our":[56],"random":[57,162],"generators":[58],"so":[59],"as":[60],"find":[62],"bugs":[63],"with":[64],"fewer":[65,167],"tests.":[66],"The":[67],"key":[68],"concept":[69],"is":[70],"coverage":[72,103,124,150,160],"which":[74,79],"measures":[75],"degree":[77],"given":[81],"set":[82],"tests":[84,168],"exercises":[85],"every":[86,92],"possible":[87],"choice":[88],"values":[90],"for":[91,157,183],"small":[93],"combination":[94],"input":[96],"features.":[97],"its":[99],"\u201cclassical\u201d":[100],"form,":[101],"only":[104],"applies":[105],"programs":[107],"whose":[108],"have":[110],"particular":[113],"shape\u2014essentially,":[114],"Cartesian":[116],"product":[117],"finite":[119],"sets.":[120],"We":[121,172],"generalize":[122],"richer":[127],"world":[128],"algebraic":[130],"data":[131],"types":[132],"by":[133],"formalizing":[134],"class":[136],"sparse":[138],"test":[139,163],"descriptions":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142,176],"regular":[143],"tree":[144],"expressions.":[145],"This":[146],"new":[147],"definition":[148],"inspires":[151],"novel":[153],"thinning":[155],"algorithm":[156,175],"improving":[158],"generators,":[164],"requiring":[165],"many":[166],"catch":[170],"bugs.":[171],"evaluate":[173],"two":[177],"case":[178],"studies,":[179],"typed":[181],"evaluator":[182],"System":[184],"F":[185],"terms":[186],"Haskell":[189],"compiler,":[190],"showing":[191],"significant":[192],"improvements":[193],"in":[194],"both.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}