{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135979110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","title":"Synthesizing Context-free Grammars from Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Synthesizing Context-free Grammars from Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135979110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","mag":"3135979110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006483689","display_name":"Daniel M. Yellin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-5610"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel M. Yellin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Givatayim, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-5610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Givatayim, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055878811","display_name":"Gail Garfinkel Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-9090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-9090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006483689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":3.9501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9453622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"351","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8625619411468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.6849904656410217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5856075882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4854743778705597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43771013617515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-affix-grammar","display_name":"Extended Affix Grammar","score":0.42672795057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.42416903376579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37645456194877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3632793128490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3367066979408264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8625619411468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6849904656410217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5856075882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4854743778705597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43771013617515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37734731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421802","display_name":"Extended Affix Grammar","level":4,"score":0.42672795057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.42416903376579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37645456194877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3632793128490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3367066979408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7979173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7979173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135979110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135979110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505042207","https://openalex.org/W1603299012","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1969005071","https://openalex.org/W1989445634","https://openalex.org/W2019001600","https://openalex.org/W2039982057","https://openalex.org/W2046432510","https://openalex.org/W2053987251","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067619114","https://openalex.org/W2142148616","https://openalex.org/W2147152274","https://openalex.org/W2153256103","https://openalex.org/W2163022590","https://openalex.org/W2163532598","https://openalex.org/W2884991722","https://openalex.org/W2895859884","https://openalex.org/W2914557243","https://openalex.org/W2949292434","https://openalex.org/W2962736971","https://openalex.org/W2963125544","https://openalex.org/W2963753324","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2972889706","https://openalex.org/W3104298168","https://openalex.org/W3123257675","https://openalex.org/W4240198966","https://openalex.org/W6600655691","https://openalex.org/W6601505382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388122817","https://openalex.org/W1982538124","https://openalex.org/W4256248961","https://openalex.org/W2389079996","https://openalex.org/W1714026380","https://openalex.org/W144732315","https://openalex.org/W4304632017","https://openalex.org/W13810807","https://openalex.org/W1991706120","https://openalex.org/W1969069928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,22,44,76],"present":[2,45],"an":[3,46,102],"algorithm":[4,47],"for":[5,48],"extracting":[6],"a":[7,16,24,41,53,85,88],"subclass":[8],"of":[9,34,55,64,93,101,109,144],"the":[10,50,62,71,80,94,98,110,118,123,130,136],"context":[11],"free":[12],"grammars":[13],"(CFGs)":[14],"from":[15,67],"trained":[17,68],"recurrent":[18],"neural":[19],"network":[20],"(RNN).":[21],"develop":[23],"new":[25],"framework,":[26],"pattern":[27],"rule":[28],"sets":[29],"(PRSs),":[30],"which":[31],"describe":[32],"sequences":[33,63,147],"deterministic":[35],"finite":[36],"automata":[37,65],"(DFAs)":[38],"that":[39],"approximate":[40],"non-regular":[42],"language.":[43,96],"recovering":[49],"PRS":[51,81],"behind":[52],"sequence":[54],"such":[56],"automata,":[57],"and":[58,90,112,139],"apply":[59],"it":[60],"to":[61,106,113],"extracted":[66,119],"RNNs":[69],"using":[70],"$$L^{*}$$":[72],"<mml:math":[73],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>\u2217</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>":[74],"algorithm.":[75],"then":[77],"show":[78],"how":[79],"may":[82],"converted":[83],"into":[84],"CFG,":[86],"enabling":[87],"familiar":[89],"useful":[91],"presentation":[92],"learned":[95,99],"Extracting":[97],"language":[100],"RNN":[103,111,124],"is":[104],"important":[105],"facilitate":[107],"understanding":[108],"verify":[114],"its":[115,145],"correctness.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"CFG":[120],"can":[121],"augment":[122],"in":[125],"classifying":[126],"correct":[127],"sentences,":[128],"as":[129],"RNN\u2019s":[131],"predictive":[132],"accuracy":[133],"decreases":[134],"when":[135],"recursion":[137],"depth":[138],"distance":[140],"between":[141],"matching":[142],"delimiters":[143],"input":[146],"increases.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
