{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126984287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","title":"Fully vs. Weakly Supervised Caries Localization in Smartphone Images with CNNs","display_name":"Fully vs. Weakly Supervised Caries Localization in Smartphone Images with CNNs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126984287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","mag":"3126984287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110974926","display_name":"Duc Duy Pham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duc Duy Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020714436","display_name":"Jonas M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070748127","display_name":"Piush Aggarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-0549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piush Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055080058","display_name":"Amit Khatri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-0501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802539864","display_name":"Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8rz176","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802539864"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Khatri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802539864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021590965","display_name":"Mayank Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-0015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802539864","display_name":"Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8rz176","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802539864"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802539864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072459546","display_name":"Torsten Zesch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Zesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Lab, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Lab, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050558405","display_name":"Josef Pauli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-6410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Pauli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110974926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02407002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"321","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511016130447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5437449812889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5435618162155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4997231960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-application","display_name":"Smartphone application","score":0.4667022228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3351028263568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3203323483467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.11353811621665955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511016130447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5437449812889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5435618162155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4997231960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020250448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone application","level":2,"score":0.4667022228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3351028263568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3203323483467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.11353811621665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480558457","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1994488211","https://openalex.org/W2022148047","https://openalex.org/W2025544138","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2059944840","https://openalex.org/W2078610286","https://openalex.org/W2086978411","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2107804503","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125637308","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139976652","https://openalex.org/W2183517646","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2328096907","https://openalex.org/W2441255125","https://openalex.org/W2560311674","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2944235579","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962879957","https://openalex.org/W2963952323","https://openalex.org/W2970357141","https://openalex.org/W3008061095","https://openalex.org/W3031149076","https://openalex.org/W3048654910","https://openalex.org/W3093414024","https://openalex.org/W3096134646","https://openalex.org/W6601630192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4384212932","https://openalex.org/W2548721895","https://openalex.org/W2373456246","https://openalex.org/W2990460313","https://openalex.org/W4386392971"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}