{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096748270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","title":"Native Custom Tokens in the Extended UTXO Model","display_name":"Native Custom Tokens in the Extended UTXO Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096748270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","mag":"3096748270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070087274","display_name":"Manuel M. T. Chakravarty","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel M. T. Chakravarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071284944","display_name":"James Chapman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-8252"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051904275","display_name":"Kenneth MacKenzie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129077","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6k1a05","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth MacKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070223716","display_name":"Orestis Melkonian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129077","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6k1a05","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orestis Melkonian","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045348364","display_name":"Jann M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jann M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029319426","display_name":"Michael Peyton Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-1657"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Peyton Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090860440","display_name":"Polina Vinogradova","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Polina Vinogradova","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018878077","display_name":"Philip Wadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129077","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6k1a05","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Wadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOHK, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOHK, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029319426","https://openalex.org/A5045348364","https://openalex.org/A5051904275","https://openalex.org/A5070087274","https://openalex.org/A5071284944","https://openalex.org/A5090860440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129077"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96367773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"89","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8302348852157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.7841569185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7543767690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.6952707767486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5597116947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3864418566226959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36466288566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32400140166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.10644614696502686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8302348852157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.7841569185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7543767690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.6952707767486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5597116947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3864418566226959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36466288566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32400140166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.10644614696502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61467-6_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618068147","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1506588809","https://openalex.org/W1603799276","https://openalex.org/W2093916942","https://openalex.org/W2283118417","https://openalex.org/W2794753360","https://openalex.org/W2967948708","https://openalex.org/W2979374757","https://openalex.org/W2979602992","https://openalex.org/W3021321836","https://openalex.org/W3047857329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W3164717803","https://openalex.org/W4389915954","https://openalex.org/W4379514359","https://openalex.org/W2957710009","https://openalex.org/W3115531728","https://openalex.org/W4386302897","https://openalex.org/W2613387868","https://openalex.org/W4378551684"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}