{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092391615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","title":"Have You Forgotten? A Method to Assess if Machine Learning Models Have Forgotten Data","display_name":"Have You Forgotten? A Method to Assess if Machine Learning Models Have Forgotten Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092391615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","mag":"3092391615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075936732","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054437456","display_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios A. Tsaftaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8917468786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8151169419288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.748123288154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6423879861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5839396715164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.560349702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5225812196731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4390820562839508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4310773015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4257120192050934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35165369510650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1454232633113861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8917468786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8151169419288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.748123288154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6423879861831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5839396715164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.560349702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5225812196731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4390820562839508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4310773015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4257120192050934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35165369510650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1454232633113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, X & Tsaftaris, S 2020, Have you forgotten? A method to assess if machine learning models have forgotten data. in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2020 : 23rd International Conference, Lima, Peru, October 4\u20138, 2020, Proceedings, Part I. vol. 12261, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 95-105, 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Lima, Peru, 4/10/20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, X & Tsaftaris, S 2020, Have you forgotten? A method to assess if machine learning models have forgotten data. in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2020 : 23rd International Conference, Lima, Peru, October 4\u20138, 2020, Proceedings, Part I. vol. 12261, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 95-105, 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Lima, Peru, 4/10/20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/25d5666e-a800-4add-bf8f-9a81366d1678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, X & Tsaftaris, S 2020, Have you forgotten? A method to assess if machine learning models have forgotten data. in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2020 : 23rd International Conference, Lima, Peru, October 4\u20138, 2020, Proceedings, Part I. vol. 12261, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 95-105, 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Lima, Peru, 4/10/20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633672591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444630160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500485203","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7980358050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"104690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8581904048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2076022457","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2121727866","https://openalex.org/W2162914161","https://openalex.org/W2218413108","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2803832867","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2897230576","https://openalex.org/W2911730644","https://openalex.org/W2925799800","https://openalex.org/W2945262235","https://openalex.org/W2946930197","https://openalex.org/W2979637109","https://openalex.org/W3016000170","https://openalex.org/W3017747210","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3035644192","https://openalex.org/W3102606273","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W6607110455","https://openalex.org/W6752051073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4388700941"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}