{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110608319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","title":"Consistency-Based Semi-supervised Active Learning: Towards Minimizing Labeling Cost","display_name":"Consistency-Based Semi-supervised Active Learning: Towards Minimizing Labeling Cost","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110608319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","mag":"3110608319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026664462","display_name":"Mingfei Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingfei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101566830","display_name":"Zizhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zizhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112476889","display_name":"Guo Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037420650","display_name":"Sercan \u00d6. Ar\u0131k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sercan \u00d6. Ar\u0131k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111454036","display_name":"Larry S. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry S. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101265241","display_name":"Tomas Pfister","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Pfister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Cloud AI, Sunnyvale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":156,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"510","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7310253977775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7096534371376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6875900626182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6416705846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.63170325756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.6205155849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6055630445480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.5876771211624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5444376468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5384213328361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.44086816906929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.4348416328430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4244697690010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3738032877445221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32423460483551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14554452896118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10261732339859009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310253977775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7096534371376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6875900626182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6416705846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63170325756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6205155849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6055630445480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.5876771211624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5444376468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5384213328361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.44086816906929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4348416328430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4244697690010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3738032877445221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32423460483551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14554452896118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10261732339859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58607-2_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513874326","https://openalex.org/W1514707997","https://openalex.org/W1580210754","https://openalex.org/W1589990798","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1845402413","https://openalex.org/W1978633512","https://openalex.org/W2008989859","https://openalex.org/W2034747098","https://openalex.org/W2042932437","https://openalex.org/W2056707879","https://openalex.org/W2080021732","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2096507791","https://openalex.org/W2108572844","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124244761","https://openalex.org/W2127816222","https://openalex.org/W2128518360","https://openalex.org/W2132948751","https://openalex.org/W2151023586","https://openalex.org/W2167828456","https://openalex.org/W2233838193","https://openalex.org/W2262342046","https://openalex.org/W2399495046","https://openalex.org/W2530816535","https://openalex.org/W2620069838","https://openalex.org/W2739068567","https://openalex.org/W2798820905","https://openalex.org/W2909869271","https://openalex.org/W2921087533","https://openalex.org/W2945129723","https://openalex.org/W2951528191","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W2956371155","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963902936","https://openalex.org/W2963956526","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W2964212410","https://openalex.org/W2986514296","https://openalex.org/W2998239226","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3209458476","https://openalex.org/W4250416739","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600200453","https://openalex.org/W6603443027","https://openalex.org/W6632604870","https://openalex.org/W6854636774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056314584","https://openalex.org/W3008176773","https://openalex.org/W34092691","https://openalex.org/W3021676282","https://openalex.org/W2365028544","https://openalex.org/W1492505081","https://openalex.org/W2949671220","https://openalex.org/W2168489430","https://openalex.org/W121244246","https://openalex.org/W4312390859"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}