{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772570134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","title":"Z-Numbers: How They Describe Student Confidence and How They Can Explain (and Improve) Laplacian and Schroedinger Eigenmap Dimension Reduction in Data Analysis","display_name":"Z-Numbers: How They Describe Student Confidence and How They Can Explain (and Improve) Laplacian and Schroedinger Eigenmap Dimension Reduction in Data Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772570134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","mag":"2772570134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229206","display_name":"Studies in fuzziness and soft computing","issn_l":"1434-9922","issn":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061275811","display_name":"\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladik Kreinovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075920182","display_name":"Olga Kosheleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-4209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Kosheleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068481003","display_name":"Michael Zakharevich","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zakharevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["SeeCure Systems, Inc., Belmont, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SeeCure Systems, Inc., Belmont, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061275811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49119415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"285","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6140753626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.5920606851577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5773792266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.41723787784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.41450023651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3775341808795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.28357115387916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22283324599266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1584465503692627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6140753626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.5920606851577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5773792266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.41723787784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.41450023651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3775341808795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.28357115387916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22283324599266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1584465503692627}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54341-9_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229206","display_name":"Studies in fuzziness and soft computing","issn_l":"1434-9922","issn":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.utep.edu:cs_techrep-2185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/cs_techrep/1182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196403","display_name":"scholarworks - UTEP (The University of Texas at El Paso)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Technical Reports (CS)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.utep.edu:cs_techrep-2185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.utep.edu/cs_techrep/1182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196403","display_name":"scholarworks - UTEP (The University of Texas at El Paso)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Technical Reports (CS)","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564030374","https://openalex.org/W1568794265","https://openalex.org/W1989368986","https://openalex.org/W2009543464","https://openalex.org/W2042774699","https://openalex.org/W2050586372","https://openalex.org/W2057066113","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2126447858","https://openalex.org/W2156660313","https://openalex.org/W2163581538","https://openalex.org/W2475604226","https://openalex.org/W2482405500","https://openalex.org/W2496338429","https://openalex.org/W2507073852","https://openalex.org/W2616052791","https://openalex.org/W2781044394","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4230541729","https://openalex.org/W4249816584","https://openalex.org/W4250123134","https://openalex.org/W4254628720","https://openalex.org/W4254931243","https://openalex.org/W4285670724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176621072","https://openalex.org/W2995475466","https://openalex.org/W2356785732","https://openalex.org/W4210430843","https://openalex.org/W4239033281","https://openalex.org/W4380789568","https://openalex.org/W3105745662","https://openalex.org/W4379523021","https://openalex.org/W2146824712","https://openalex.org/W4323241237"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}