{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980490827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","title":"Character-Aware Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation with Weight Sharing and Pre-training","display_name":"Character-Aware Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation with Weight Sharing and Pre-training","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980490827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","mag":"2980490827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090784541","display_name":"Yichao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-4012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339707","display_name":"Miao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-2856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003221471","display_name":"Tao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-157X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047334112","display_name":"Rujing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-3425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099079","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090784541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19575581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"321","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8912298679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6690585017204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6397685408592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5627365112304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5351980924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4994370937347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.471001535654068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-resource","display_name":"Shared resource","score":0.46313005685806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41405293345451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3498261570930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10219505429267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09183230996131897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8912298679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6690585017204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6397685408592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5627365112304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5351980924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4994370937347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.471001535654068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.46313005685806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41405293345451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3498261570930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10219505429267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09183230996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938755728","https://openalex.org/W1951325712","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2531207078","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2756566411","https://openalex.org/W2888541716","https://openalex.org/W2914120296","https://openalex.org/W2950621961","https://openalex.org/W2951559648","https://openalex.org/W2962732637","https://openalex.org/W2963088995","https://openalex.org/W2963206679","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963247703","https://openalex.org/W2963324947","https://openalex.org/W2963506925","https://openalex.org/W2963736442","https://openalex.org/W2964013027","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W6608477623","https://openalex.org/W6702248584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251972423","https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W2369369044","https://openalex.org/W2354143083","https://openalex.org/W2372906645","https://openalex.org/W4319998713","https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2366269494","https://openalex.org/W2883671469"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}