{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979341164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_30","title":"Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster than Lightning","display_name":"Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster than Lightning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979341164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_30","mag":"2979341164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/ec1894ef-2042-4e20-8cd3-0af192091fb0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/ec1894ef-2042-4e20-8cd3-0af192091fb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mc Corry, P J, Miller, A, Bakshi, S, Bentov, I & Kumaresan, R 2019, Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster than Lightning. in I Goldberg & T Moore (eds), Financial Cryptography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 11598 LNCS, pp. 508-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_30","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mc Corry, Patrick Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mc Corry, Patrick Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005295367","display_name":"Andrew Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-2359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261073","display_name":"Cornell Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/04qscbg47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4405261073"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miller, Andrew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4405261073"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068848765","display_name":"Surya Bakshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bakshi, Surya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075906914","display_name":"Iddo Bentov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148469","display_name":"Visa (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1y0b59","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bentov, Iddo","raw_affiliation_strings":["VISA Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VISA Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088989384","display_name":"Ranjit Kumaresan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2128-1734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumaresan, Ranjit","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.2956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99750059,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12149","display_name":"Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6801967024803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.5720229744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5525128245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5141037106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31681251525878906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6801967024803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.5720229744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5525128245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5141037106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31681251525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/ec1894ef-2042-4e20-8cd3-0af192091fb0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/ec1894ef-2042-4e20-8cd3-0af192091fb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mc Corry, P J, Miller, A, Bakshi, S, Bentov, I & Kumaresan, R 2019, Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster than Lightning. in I Goldberg & T Moore (eds), Financial Cryptography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 11598 LNCS, pp. 508-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_30","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111114747","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2150509722","https://openalex.org/W2288007454","https://openalex.org/W2406782094","https://openalex.org/W2580257616","https://openalex.org/W2739579064","https://openalex.org/W2766452458","https://openalex.org/W2767101501","https://openalex.org/W2949860704","https://openalex.org/W2951087111","https://openalex.org/W2963517786","https://openalex.org/W2963978499","https://openalex.org/W2964262836","https://openalex.org/W2964295450","https://openalex.org/W2982021892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W3164717803","https://openalex.org/W4389915954","https://openalex.org/W3123387860","https://openalex.org/W3109867883","https://openalex.org/W4291291739","https://openalex.org/W4321377877","https://openalex.org/W2915579847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bitcoin,":[0],"Ethereum":[1],"and":[2,44,115,194],"other":[3,43],"blockchain-based":[4],"cryptocurrencies,":[5],"as":[6],"deployed":[7],"today,":[8],"cannot":[9],"support":[10],"more":[11],"than":[12],"several":[13],"transactions":[14],"per":[15],"second.":[16],"Off-chain":[17],"payment":[18,52,77,118,187],"channels,":[19],"a":[20,25,51,68,75,92,117,120,155,177],"\u201clayer":[21],"2\u201d":[22],"solution,":[23],"are":[24,109],"leading":[26],"approach":[27],"for":[28,128],"cryptocurrency":[29],"scaling.":[30],"They":[31],"enable":[32],"two":[33,59],"mutually":[34],"distrustful":[35],"parties":[36,60],"to":[37,49,134,164],"rapidly":[38],"send":[39],"payments":[40,56],"between":[41,57],"each":[42],"can":[45,61],"be":[46,62,104],"linked":[47],"together":[48],"form":[50],"network,":[53],"such":[54],"that":[55,70,102],"any":[58,197],"routed":[63],"through":[64],"the":[65,97,112,132,143,160,168],"network":[66],"along":[67],"path":[69,121,144],"connects":[71],"them.":[72],"We":[73],"propose":[74],"novel":[76],"channel":[78,180,188],"protocol,":[79],"called":[80],"Sprites.":[81],"The":[82,151],"main":[83],"advantage":[84],"of":[85,99,122,167,176],"Sprites":[86,152,169,183],"compared":[87],"with":[88],"earlier":[89],"protocols":[90],"is":[91,131,171],"reduced":[93],"\u201ccollateral":[94],"cost,\u201d":[95],"meaning":[96],"amount":[98],"money":[100],"time":[101,133],"must":[103],"locked":[105],"up":[106,126],"before":[107],"disputes":[108],"settled.":[110],"In":[111],"Lightning":[113],"Network":[114],"Raiden,":[116],"across":[119],"channels":[123],"requires":[124],"locking":[125],"collateral":[127,162],"time,":[129,158],"where":[130],"commit":[135],"an":[136,146],"on-chain":[137,198],"transaction;":[138],"every":[139],"additional":[140],"node":[141],"on":[142,185],"forces":[145],"increase":[147],"in":[148],"lock":[149,157],"time.":[150],"construction":[153],"provides":[154],"constant":[156],"reducing":[159],"overall":[161],"cost":[163],"Our":[165],"presentation":[166],"protocol":[170],"also":[172],"modular,":[173],"making":[174],"use":[175],"generic":[178],"state":[179],"abstraction.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"improves":[184],"prior":[186],"constructions":[189],"by":[190],"supporting":[191],"partial":[192],"withdrawals":[193],"deposits":[195],"without":[196],"transactions.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}