{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962175388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","title":"Violat: Generating Tests of Observational Refinement for Concurrent Objects","display_name":"Violat: Generating Tests of Observational Refinement for Concurrent Objects","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962175388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","mag":"2962175388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_30.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_30.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061209906","display_name":"Michael Emmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6283-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Emmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040528930","display_name":"Constantin Enea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2727-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantin Enea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Paris, IRIF, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, IRIF, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061209906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":1.0188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72162485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"534","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8792130947113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.7435628175735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.724320650100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-consistency","display_name":"Sequential consistency","score":0.6459894776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.6186859607696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomicity","display_name":"Atomicity","score":0.5719723105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-consistency","display_name":"Causal consistency","score":0.5333552360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5308754444122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.5174329876899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.48880693316459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4661523103713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.46265846490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.4450939893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-data-structure","display_name":"Concurrent data structure","score":0.41519543528556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-consistency","display_name":"Weak consistency","score":0.41398075222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaving","display_name":"Interleaving","score":0.4129159450531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41214099526405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.32375311851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.28840839862823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.18863150477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-consistency","display_name":"Strong consistency","score":0.18715620040893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12613263726234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09966477751731873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8792130947113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7435628175735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.724320650100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.6459894776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.6186859607696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306359","display_name":"Atomicity","level":3,"score":0.5719723105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175652121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379351","display_name":"Causal consistency","level":5,"score":0.5333552360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5308754444122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.5174329876899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.48880693316459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4661523103713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.46265846490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.4450939893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203222032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159104","display_name":"Concurrent data structure","level":3,"score":0.41519543528556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122377713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422799","display_name":"Weak consistency","level":4,"score":0.41398075222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28034677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092530","display_name":"Interleaving","level":2,"score":0.4129159450531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41214099526405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.32375311851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.28840839862823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.18863150477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31388003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624548","display_name":"Strong consistency","level":3,"score":0.18715620040893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12613263726234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09966477751731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_30.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_30","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_30.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6824709330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"678177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962175388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962175388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502049067","https://openalex.org/W1822674892","https://openalex.org/W1867941603","https://openalex.org/W1965614349","https://openalex.org/W1977223454","https://openalex.org/W1981393723","https://openalex.org/W1983572666","https://openalex.org/W1986463648","https://openalex.org/W1995008247","https://openalex.org/W2005335403","https://openalex.org/W2007270285","https://openalex.org/W2031348459","https://openalex.org/W2051393771","https://openalex.org/W2060440626","https://openalex.org/W2089775579","https://openalex.org/W2093709900","https://openalex.org/W2101161997","https://openalex.org/W2101939036","https://openalex.org/W2105525573","https://openalex.org/W2105945277","https://openalex.org/W2111329222","https://openalex.org/W2112274482","https://openalex.org/W2121702020","https://openalex.org/W2123468567","https://openalex.org/W2124873137","https://openalex.org/W2132294215","https://openalex.org/W2135355961","https://openalex.org/W2138074470","https://openalex.org/W2139533136","https://openalex.org/W2149074552","https://openalex.org/W2152198540","https://openalex.org/W2161970779","https://openalex.org/W2170998491","https://openalex.org/W2171683519","https://openalex.org/W2325421623","https://openalex.org/W2357666213","https://openalex.org/W2404168692","https://openalex.org/W2531260568","https://openalex.org/W2563167692","https://openalex.org/W2619153025","https://openalex.org/W2733597612","https://openalex.org/W2738891045","https://openalex.org/W2780745892","https://openalex.org/W2884168360","https://openalex.org/W2888080919","https://openalex.org/W2899645750","https://openalex.org/W3149170054","https://openalex.org/W4234066571","https://openalex.org/W4236284099","https://openalex.org/W4242272811","https://openalex.org/W4251361517","https://openalex.org/W4293763691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949499328","https://openalex.org/W3102338602","https://openalex.org/W2287614524","https://openalex.org/W4254952258","https://openalex.org/W4297824651","https://openalex.org/W2160357235","https://openalex.org/W1593939529","https://openalex.org/W2949587676","https://openalex.org/W1739259251","https://openalex.org/W4293643739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-performance":[0],"multithreaded":[1],"software":[2],"often":[3],"relies":[4],"on":[5,49],"optimized":[6],"implementations":[7,34],"of":[8,39,52,79,115,142,165],"common":[9],"abstract":[10],"data":[11],"types":[12],"(ADTs)":[13],"like":[14],"counters,":[15],"key-value":[16],"stores,":[17],"and":[18,26,55,106,128,146,188],"queues,":[19],"i.e.,":[20,113],"concurrent":[21,182],"objects.":[22],"By":[23],"using":[24,178],"fine-grained":[25],"non-blocking":[27],"mechanisms":[28],"for":[29,91,133,160],"efficient":[30,107],"inter-thread":[31],"synchronization,":[32],"these":[33],"are":[35,42],"vulnerable":[36],"to":[37,44,75,97,181],"violations":[38,96,177],"ADT-consistency":[40,176],"which":[41],"difficult":[43],"detect:":[45],"bugs":[46],"can":[47],"depend":[48],"specific":[50],"combinations":[51,78],"method":[53],"invocations":[54],"argument":[56],"values,":[57],"as":[58,60],"well":[59],"rarely-occurring":[61],"thread":[62],"interleavings.":[63],"Even":[64],"given":[65,117,121],"a":[66,116,120,139],"bug-triggering":[67],"interleaving,":[68],"detection":[69],"generally":[70],"requires":[71],"unintuitive":[72],"test":[73,110,144,149,166,183],"assertions":[74],"capture":[76],"inconsistent":[77],"invocation":[80],"return":[81],"values.":[82],"In":[83,155],"this":[84],"work":[85],"we":[86,157],"describe":[87],"the":[88,131],"Violat":[89,103],"tool":[90],"generating":[92],"tests":[93,173],"that":[94,109],"witness":[95],"atomicity,":[98],"or":[99],"weaker":[100],"consistency":[101,135,153],"properties.":[102],"generates":[104],"self-contained":[105],"programs":[108],"observational":[111],"refinement,":[112],"substitutability":[114],"ADT":[118],"with":[119],"implementation.":[122],"Our":[123],"approach":[124],"is":[125,138],"both":[126],"sound":[127],"complete":[129],"in":[130],"limit:":[132],"every":[134,147],"violation":[136],"there":[137],"failed":[140,148],"execution":[141],"some":[143],"program,":[145],"signals":[150],"an":[151],"actual":[152],"violation.":[154],"practice":[156],"compromise":[158],"soundness":[159,170],"efficiency":[161],"via":[162],"random":[163],"exploration":[164],"programs,":[167],"yielding":[168],"probabilistic":[169],"instead.":[171],"Violat\u2019s":[172],"reliably":[174],"expose":[175],"off-the-shelf":[179],"approaches":[180],"validation,":[184],"including":[185],"stress":[186],"testing":[187],"explicit-state":[189],"model":[190],"checking.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}