{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946388133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","title":"Automated Parameterized Verification of CRDTs","display_name":"Automated Parameterized Verification of CRDTs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946388133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","mag":"2946388133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_26.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_26.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046570178","display_name":"Kartik Nagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kartik Nagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","PURDUE UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PURDUE UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034957233","display_name":"Suresh Jagannathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-2424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Jagannathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","PURDUE UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PURDUE UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046570178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0921167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"459","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7800571918487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eventual-consistency","display_name":"Eventual consistency","score":0.7382017374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6854364275932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.6178941130638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.5481850504875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5463821887969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.533164381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5247842669487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5226471424102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-consistency","display_name":"Causal consistency","score":0.4435510039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-consistency","display_name":"Sequential consistency","score":0.4370741546154022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.3473172187805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3189409375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19483253359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14230972528457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12851858139038086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800571918487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34422012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6125872","display_name":"Eventual consistency","level":4,"score":0.7382017374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6854364275932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.6178941130638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.5481850504875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5463821887969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.533164381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5247842669487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5226471424102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175652121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379351","display_name":"Causal consistency","level":5,"score":0.4435510039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.4370741546154022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.3473172187805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3189409375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19483253359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14230972528457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12851858139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_26.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.05684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05684","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2946388133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.05684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.05684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25543-5_26","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-25543-5_26.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4306282315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-17-1-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4367367344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1717741","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946388133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946388133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516319412","https://openalex.org/W1689093460","https://openalex.org/W1916848204","https://openalex.org/W1969925795","https://openalex.org/W1989814541","https://openalex.org/W1999468161","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2082133002","https://openalex.org/W2110768875","https://openalex.org/W2127428602","https://openalex.org/W2143725230","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2161730338","https://openalex.org/W2209943643","https://openalex.org/W2282477915","https://openalex.org/W2506181100","https://openalex.org/W2540479136","https://openalex.org/W2727092525","https://openalex.org/W2798647014","https://openalex.org/W2804216752","https://openalex.org/W2885875591","https://openalex.org/W2898350964","https://openalex.org/W2900394527","https://openalex.org/W3123835709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966783104","https://openalex.org/W3123835709","https://openalex.org/W2997905744","https://openalex.org/W2110399174","https://openalex.org/W1564201006","https://openalex.org/W2740094188","https://openalex.org/W945094086","https://openalex.org/W2766289313","https://openalex.org/W2740194053","https://openalex.org/W2580338579","https://openalex.org/W2781308693","https://openalex.org/W2404340395","https://openalex.org/W2293100135","https://openalex.org/W2546693429","https://openalex.org/W2950324964","https://openalex.org/W2596852931","https://openalex.org/W2753900520","https://openalex.org/W2295204596","https://openalex.org/W3016999940","https://openalex.org/W264881235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maintaining":[0],"multiple":[1],"replicas":[2,83],"of":[3,47,50,63,89,126,144,167,190,205,230],"data":[4],"is":[5,71,111],"crucial":[6],"to":[7,33,53,97,103,112,171,173,197,220],"achieving":[8],"scalability,":[9],"availability":[10],"and":[11,60,195,203,213,236],"low":[12],"latency":[13],"in":[14,26,41,129],"distributed":[15,44],"applications.":[16],"Conflict-free":[17],"Replicated":[18],"Data":[19],"Types":[20],"(CRDTs)":[21],"are":[22,31],"important":[23,73],"building":[24],"blocks":[25],"this":[27,134,211],"domain":[28],"because":[29],"they":[30,115,131],"designed":[32],"operate":[34],"correctly":[35],"under":[36,146],"the":[37,48,54,61,86,98,123,127,153,158,188,201,222],"myriad":[38],"behaviors":[39],"possible":[40],"a":[42,108,138,168,178,183,206,228],"weakly-consistent":[43],"setting.":[45],"Because":[46],"possibility":[49],"concurrent":[51],"updates":[52,90],"same":[55,87,99,124],"object":[56],"at":[57],"different":[58,147],"replicas,":[59],"absence":[62],"any":[64,92],"ordering":[65],"guarantees":[66],"on":[67,107,187],"these":[68],"updates,":[69],"convergence":[70,143,225],"an":[72],"correctness":[74],"criterion":[75],"for":[76,140,227],"CRDTs.":[77],"This":[78],"property":[79],"asserts":[80],"that":[81,105,114,163],"two":[82],"which":[84,130],"receive":[85],"set":[88],"(in":[91],"order)":[93],"must":[94],"nonetheless":[95],"converge":[96,110],"state.":[100],"One":[101],"way":[102],"prove":[104],"operations":[106,166],"CRDT":[109,169],"show":[113,162,214],"commute":[116,172],"since":[117],"commutative":[118],"actions":[119],"by":[120,157,182],"definition":[121],"behave":[122],"regardless":[125],"order":[128],"execute.":[132],"In":[133],"paper,":[135],"we":[136,161],"present":[137],"framework":[139],"automatically":[141],"verifying":[142],"CRDTs":[145],"weak-consistency":[148],"policies.":[149],"Surprisingly,":[150],"depending":[151],"upon":[152],"consistency":[154,184,193],"policy":[155,194],"supported":[156],"underlying":[159],"system,":[160],"not":[164],"all":[165],"need":[170],"achieve":[174],"convergence.":[175],"We":[176,199],"develop":[177],"proof":[179],"rule":[180,212],"parameterized":[181],"specification":[185],"based":[186],"concepts":[189],"commutativity":[191],"modulo":[192],"non-interference":[196],"commutativity.":[198],"describe":[200],"design":[202],"implementation":[204],"verification":[207],"engine":[208],"equipped":[209],"with":[210],"how":[215],"it":[216],"can":[217],"be":[218],"used":[219],"provide":[221],"first":[223],"automated":[224],"proofs":[226],"number":[229],"challenging":[231],"CRDTs,":[232],"including":[233],"sets,":[234],"lists,":[235],"graphs.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}