{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2931305575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","title":"Achieving Safety Incrementally with Checked C","display_name":"Achieving Safety Incrementally with Checked C","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2931305575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","mag":"2931305575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-17138-4_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-17138-4_4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059542428","display_name":"Andrew Ruef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Ruef","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075217645","display_name":"Leonidas Lampropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-9815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922845939","display_name":"Philadelphia University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzmyz63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922845939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonidas Lampropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA","University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922845939","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014629620","display_name":"Ian Sweet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Sweet","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089795766","display_name":"David Tarditi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Tarditi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Kirkland, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Kirkland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046625836","display_name":"Michael Hicks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hicks","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059542428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":3.3052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93885247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"76","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.87992262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.6604425311088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.6241579651832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5818377733230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4856818616390228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.47618308663368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4545329213142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4186200797557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.41384586691856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.27906328439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1584186851978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.13583624362945557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.87992262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.6604425311088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.6241579651832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5818377733230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4856818616390228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.47618308663368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4545329213142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4186200797557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.41384586691856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27906328439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1584186851978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.13583624362945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-17138-4_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-17138-4_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4293762969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1801545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7679333351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1801545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8980810733","display_name":"EDU: Competing to Build Secure Systems","funder_award_id":"1319147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931305575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931305575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499992849","https://openalex.org/W1542906860","https://openalex.org/W1545927878","https://openalex.org/W1546149892","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1874682220","https://openalex.org/W1878544538","https://openalex.org/W1973326708","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W1987898580","https://openalex.org/W2013892605","https://openalex.org/W2014472261","https://openalex.org/W2098806455","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2111050128","https://openalex.org/W2114030344","https://openalex.org/W2117115928","https://openalex.org/W2117798902","https://openalex.org/W2118201637","https://openalex.org/W2121218648","https://openalex.org/W2126431612","https://openalex.org/W2147683775","https://openalex.org/W2150998213","https://openalex.org/W2155851497","https://openalex.org/W2166822586","https://openalex.org/W2171938395","https://openalex.org/W2295415424","https://openalex.org/W2301548261","https://openalex.org/W2621005330","https://openalex.org/W2779850521","https://openalex.org/W2796564118","https://openalex.org/W2886526538","https://openalex.org/W2889788853","https://openalex.org/W2901383276","https://openalex.org/W2911393547","https://openalex.org/W3137596000","https://openalex.org/W4237187719","https://openalex.org/W4245120671","https://openalex.org/W6739006059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356602486","https://openalex.org/W2349952486","https://openalex.org/W1489260687","https://openalex.org/W2351992668","https://openalex.org/W2324828474","https://openalex.org/W2374315191","https://openalex.org/W2391207559","https://openalex.org/W2775700832","https://openalex.org/W3204670144","https://openalex.org/W105332898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Checked":[0,33,87,140],"C":[1,28,34,61,141],"is":[2,13,30],"a":[3,8,32,73,108,158,176],"new":[4],"effort":[5,110],"working":[6],"toward":[7],"memory-safe":[9],"C.":[10],"Its":[11],"design":[12],"distinguished":[14],"from":[15,146],"that":[16,161],"of":[17,25,83,86,100,136,167],"prior":[18,101],"efforts":[19],"by":[20],"truly":[21],"being":[22],"an":[23],"extension":[24],"C:":[26],"Every":[27],"program":[29],"also":[31],"program.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"one":[37],"may":[38],"make":[39,107,152],"incremental":[40],"safety":[41,129],"improvements":[42],"to":[43,56,63,111,151],"existing":[44,60],"codebases":[45],"while":[46],"retaining":[47],"backward":[48],"compatibility.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"makes":[52],"two":[53],"contributions.":[54],"First,":[55],"help":[57],"developers":[58],"convert":[59,112],"code":[62],"use":[64],"so-called":[65,163],"checked":[66,164],"(i.e.,":[67],"safe)":[68],"pointers,":[69],"we":[70],"have":[71],"developed":[72],"preliminary,":[74],"automated":[75],"porting":[76],"tool.":[77],"Notably,":[78],"this":[79,173],"tool":[80,91],"takes":[81],"advantage":[82,137],"the":[84,126,181],"flexibility":[85],"C\u2019s":[88],"design:":[89],"The":[90],"need":[92],"not":[93],"perfectly":[94],"classify":[95],"every":[96],"pointer,":[97],"as":[98],"required":[99],"all-or-nothing":[102],"efforts.":[103],"Rather,":[104],"it":[105],"can":[106,131],"best":[109],"more":[113],"pointers":[114],"accurately,":[115],"without":[116],"letting":[117],"inaccuracies":[118],"inhibit":[119],"compilation.":[120],"However,":[121],"such":[122],"partial":[123],"conversion":[124],"raises":[125],"question:":[127],"If":[128],"violations":[130],"still":[132],"occur,":[133],"what":[134],"sort":[135],"does":[138],"using":[139],"provide?":[142],"We":[143,156,171],"draw":[144],"inspiration":[145],"research":[147],"on":[148],"migratory":[149],"typing":[150],"our":[153],"second":[154],"contribution:":[155],"prove":[157],"blame":[159],"property":[160,174],"renders":[162],"regions":[165],"blameless":[166],"any":[168],"run-time":[169],"failure.":[170],"formalize":[172],"for":[175],"core":[177],"calculus":[178],"and":[179],"mechanize":[180],"proof":[182],"in":[183],"Coq.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
