{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133924537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","title":"Face Recognition in Humans and Machines","display_name":"Face Recognition in Humans and Machines","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133924537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","mag":"2133924537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191004","display_name":"Advances in pattern recognition","issn_l":"1617-7916","issn":["1617-7916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039197772","display_name":"Alice J. O\u2019Toole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-1508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87573096","display_name":"University of North Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/01n51v443","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87573096"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice O\u2019Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas, Dallas TX, USA","University of texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Dallas TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87573096","https://openalex.org/I162577319","https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064744996","display_name":"M\u00e1ssimo Tistarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Tistarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Sassari, Italy","University of Sassari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sassari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71735212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7233701348304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7134667038917542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6594021320343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5637213587760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5444785356521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5285239219665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5025806427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.462380588054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4418237805366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41060903668403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40617403388023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.306427538394928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7233701348304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7134667038917542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6594021320343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5637213587760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5444785356521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5285239219665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5025806427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.462380588054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4418237805366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41060903668403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40617403388023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.306427538394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191004","display_name":"Advances in pattern recognition","issn_l":"1617-7916","issn":["1617-7916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":180,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7299809","https://openalex.org/W65224917","https://openalex.org/W85152245","https://openalex.org/W109188758","https://openalex.org/W112275492","https://openalex.org/W165876962","https://openalex.org/W1479766849","https://openalex.org/W1506778248","https://openalex.org/W1511448892","https://openalex.org/W1518322769","https://openalex.org/W1519637475","https://openalex.org/W1533294249","https://openalex.org/W1581809140","https://openalex.org/W1584781043","https://openalex.org/W1668483876","https://openalex.org/W1820849028","https://openalex.org/W1861186579","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1931059338","https://openalex.org/W1955901102","https://openalex.org/W1970339272","https://openalex.org/W1976048712","https://openalex.org/W1977350117","https://openalex.org/W1977685900","https://openalex.org/W1981905335","https://openalex.org/W1983006628","https://openalex.org/W1984509599","https://openalex.org/W1985122632","https://openalex.org/W1985809919","https://openalex.org/W1986772615","https://openalex.org/W1988411995","https://openalex.org/W1989563738","https://openalex.org/W1991115375","https://openalex.org/W1991699601","https://openalex.org/W1999589609","https://openalex.org/W2000817595","https://openalex.org/W2002645541","https://openalex.org/W2008222302","https://openalex.org/W2011937936","https://openalex.org/W2017058463","https://openalex.org/W2017818729","https://openalex.org/W2019111214","https://openalex.org/W2019952531","https://openalex.org/W2021709774","https://openalex.org/W2027444771","https://openalex.org/W2033433061","https://openalex.org/W2035234175","https://openalex.org/W2036084760","https://openalex.org/W2038422711","https://openalex.org/W2041657594","https://openalex.org/W2041853331","https://openalex.org/W2044436129","https://openalex.org/W2046602920","https://openalex.org/W2047760140","https://openalex.org/W2053111679","https://openalex.org/W2053163956","https://openalex.org/W2053220572","https://openalex.org/W2058333183","https://openalex.org/W2059265105","https://openalex.org/W2059270003","https://openalex.org/W2079741308","https://openalex.org/W2079844951","https://openalex.org/W2081500828","https://openalex.org/W2082498363","https://openalex.org/W2085475905","https://openalex.org/W2086476537","https://openalex.org/W2087344433","https://openalex.org/W2089632738","https://openalex.org/W2093773930","https://openalex.org/W2095580272","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2096925994","https://openalex.org/W2097455814","https://openalex.org/W2098947662","https://openalex.org/W2099368561","https://openalex.org/W2101763099","https://openalex.org/W2101790396","https://openalex.org/W2106473156","https://openalex.org/W2106664807","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2109786901","https://openalex.org/W2109975807","https://openalex.org/W2110744759","https://openalex.org/W2110815063","https://openalex.org/W2110949655","https://openalex.org/W2113514960","https://openalex.org/W2114252863","https://openalex.org/W2116019577","https://openalex.org/W2116217298","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2119250722","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121643471","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123341385","https://openalex.org/W2124101779","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125011004","https://openalex.org/W2125849312","https://openalex.org/W2126077087","https://openalex.org/W2127156423","https://openalex.org/W2127800163","https://openalex.org/W2128409098","https://openalex.org/W2129158941","https://openalex.org/W2130982917","https://openalex.org/W2131543245","https://openalex.org/W2131759075","https://openalex.org/W2132752688","https://openalex.org/W2133295669","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2134585061","https://openalex.org/W2134849720","https://openalex.org/W2135134446","https://openalex.org/W2135463994","https://openalex.org/W2135739137","https://openalex.org/W2135958844","https://openalex.org/W2136171036","https://openalex.org/W2136687617","https://openalex.org/W2136748901","https://openalex.org/W2136975337","https://openalex.org/W2137554581","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2139697802","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2140661818","https://openalex.org/W2140785556","https://openalex.org/W2141425367","https://openalex.org/W2143304877","https://openalex.org/W2143542740","https://openalex.org/W2144119003","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2146737430","https://openalex.org/W2148486884","https://openalex.org/W2149167780","https://openalex.org/W2149310201","https://openalex.org/W2150316953","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2152433273","https://openalex.org/W2152832320","https://openalex.org/W2156154638","https://openalex.org/W2156887092","https://openalex.org/W2159024277","https://openalex.org/W2159982065","https://openalex.org/W2160448907","https://openalex.org/W2161856360","https://openalex.org/W2163035264","https://openalex.org/W2163266267","https://openalex.org/W2164348610","https://openalex.org/W2165046449","https://openalex.org/W2165496678","https://openalex.org/W2167549940","https://openalex.org/W2167636130","https://openalex.org/W2171937595","https://openalex.org/W2226328495","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2272360941","https://openalex.org/W2295449377","https://openalex.org/W2314912754","https://openalex.org/W2326254058","https://openalex.org/W2886161533","https://openalex.org/W2913703059","https://openalex.org/W3027630290","https://openalex.org/W3033952738","https://openalex.org/W4206747930","https://openalex.org/W4211165038","https://openalex.org/W4231623949","https://openalex.org/W4233815279","https://openalex.org/W4243326899","https://openalex.org/W4252795793","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600297362","https://openalex.org/W6602584194","https://openalex.org/W6678586533","https://openalex.org/W6679648604","https://openalex.org/W6680538568","https://openalex.org/W6683019079","https://openalex.org/W6689240507","https://openalex.org/W6779401406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136485282","https://openalex.org/W2347601237","https://openalex.org/W2004976700","https://openalex.org/W4312603404","https://openalex.org/W2017517155","https://openalex.org/W2060029454","https://openalex.org/W2096776307","https://openalex.org/W2402646854","https://openalex.org/W2031420897","https://openalex.org/W2147083459"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
