{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1560006303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","title":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1560006303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","mag":"1560006303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4899-7488-4%2F1.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"reference-book"},"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4899-7488-4%2F1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stan Z. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security, Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Laboratoire Signaux, Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage Statistique","D\u00e9partement Electronique et Physique","Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux","Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security, Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Signaux, Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage Statistique","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Electronique et Physique","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anil K. Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA","D\u00e9partement Electronique et Physique","Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Electronique et Physique","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":481,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.1412999927997589,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.1412999927997589,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encyclopedia","display_name":"Encyclopedia","score":0.9626920223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.905552864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5914368033409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5024042129516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4459102749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3408769965171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33994555473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.19474682211875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08785203099250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.051468491554260254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148863701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5292","display_name":"Encyclopedia","level":2,"score":0.9626920223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.905552864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5914368033409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5024042129516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4459102749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3408769965171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33994555473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.19474682211875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08785203099250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.051468491554260254}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4899-7488-4%2F1.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"reference-book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01809395v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01809395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of biometrics, Springer, 2015, 978-1-4899-7487-7. ⟨10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4⟩","raw_type":"Book sections"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:ebook:96927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/ebook:96927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4899-7488-4%2F1.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"reference-book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1560006303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1560006303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348562996","https://openalex.org/W4387776128","https://openalex.org/W4244686159","https://openalex.org/W3159833212","https://openalex.org/W3010321750","https://openalex.org/W3007654203","https://openalex.org/W2811048914","https://openalex.org/W1982479144","https://openalex.org/W1995633573","https://openalex.org/W2767198796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"encyclopedia":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3],"comprehensive":[4],"reference":[5],"to":[6],"topics":[7],"in":[8],"biometrics":[9],"including":[10],"concepts,":[11],"modalities,":[12],"algorithms,":[13],"devices,":[14],"systems,":[15],"security,":[16],"performance":[17],"testing,":[18],"applications":[19],"and":[20],"standardizati":[21]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}