{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1864248001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","title":"A Randomized Protocol for Signing Contracts","display_name":"A Randomized Protocol for Signing Contracts","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1864248001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","mag":"1864248001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Cryptology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3812.3818","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113452526","display_name":"Shimon Even","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Even","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","Duke University Durham NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Durham NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013698877","display_name":"Oded Goldreich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-135X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Goldreich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","MIT, Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033439760","display_name":"A. Lempel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lempel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","Technion , Haifa , Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion \u2014 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion , Haifa , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98233996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"205","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oblivious-transfer","display_name":"Oblivious transfer","score":0.9340872764587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.744197428226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6741045117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.6560596227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5939013957977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5719218850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.5077782273292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.484341025352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.476727157831192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.25150156021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1626274287700653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53076038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915383","display_name":"Oblivious transfer","level":3,"score":0.9340872764587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.744197428226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6741045117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.6560596227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5939013957977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5719218850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5077782273292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.484341025352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.476727157831192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25150156021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1626274287700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_19","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Cryptology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.1145/3812.3818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3812.3818","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3812.3818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:1864248001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/crypto/crypto82.html#LempelGE82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419976","display_name":"International Cryptology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"International Cryptology Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3812.3818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3812.3818","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3812.3818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1864248001.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1864248001.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519603894","https://openalex.org/W1975688140","https://openalex.org/W2026755693","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2043944888","https://openalex.org/W2047925852","https://openalex.org/W2077157443","https://openalex.org/W2104494325","https://openalex.org/W2132836799","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2294404229","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4255048370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016443801","https://openalex.org/W2990399857","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2168957864","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W1572330878","https://openalex.org/W2336770924","https://openalex.org/W1840749574","https://openalex.org/W1982146060","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2153708829","https://openalex.org/W2020316223","https://openalex.org/W1599837121","https://openalex.org/W1537539847","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W2167236842","https://openalex.org/W2119422255","https://openalex.org/W2075695434","https://openalex.org/W2013623332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Randomized":[0],"protocols":[1,14],"for":[2],"signing":[3],"contracts,":[4],"certified":[5],"mail,":[6],"and":[7],"flipping":[8],"a":[9,16],"coin":[10],"are":[11],"presented.":[12,79],"The":[13,25,45],"use":[15],"1-out-of-2":[17,26,70],"oblivious":[18,27,71],"transfer":[19,28,33],"subprotocol":[20],"which":[21,61],"is":[22,49,58,78],"axiomatically":[23],"defined.":[24],"allows":[29],"one":[30,35,53],"party":[31],"to":[32,42],"exactly":[34],"secret,":[36],"out":[37],"of":[38,60,68],"two":[39],"recognizable":[40],"secrets,":[41],"his":[43],"counterpart.":[44],"first":[46],"(second)":[47],"secret":[48,62],"received":[50],"with":[51],"probability":[52],"half,":[54],"while":[55],"the":[56,69],"sender":[57],"ignorant":[59],"has":[63],"been":[64],"received.":[65],"An":[66],"implementation":[67],"transfer,":[72],"using":[73],"any":[74],"public":[75],"key":[76],"cryptosystem,":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
