{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1497905122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","title":"Natural Language Processing: The PLNLP Approach","display_name":"Natural Language Processing: The PLNLP Approach","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1497905122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","mag":"1497905122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213674","display_name":"Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science","issn_l":"0893-3405","issn":["0893-3405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science","raw_type":"book"},"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067532973","display_name":"Karen Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-8181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jensen, Karen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024134777","display_name":"George E. Heidorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidorn, George E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108554205","display_name":"Stephen D. Richardson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richardson, Stephen D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2378,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.21410000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.21410000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.20739999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.7404606938362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6782318353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5139531493186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-language","display_name":"Human language","score":0.4215197265148163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41934651136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40890127420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.28958964347839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.13729271292686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06062021851539612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7404606938362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6782318353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5139531493186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993724205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315","display_name":"Human language","level":2,"score":0.4215197265148163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41934651136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40890127420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.28958964347839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.13729271292686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06062021851539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213674","display_name":"Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science","issn_l":"0893-3405","issn":["0893-3405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030577016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3170-8","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85742793","https://openalex.org/W100188226","https://openalex.org/W103080946","https://openalex.org/W103642297","https://openalex.org/W125717531","https://openalex.org/W126810498","https://openalex.org/W566982505","https://openalex.org/W583047437","https://openalex.org/W1571053035","https://openalex.org/W2073009786","https://openalex.org/W2160899298","https://openalex.org/W2243958343","https://openalex.org/W2744208945","https://openalex.org/W2964580229","https://openalex.org/W2964794439","https://openalex.org/W2965186866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283262748","https://openalex.org/W2502773048","https://openalex.org/W1979668694","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837","https://openalex.org/W219739262","https://openalex.org/W2698595528","https://openalex.org/W1965817832"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}