{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1559771371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","title":"Fixed Costs, Investment Rigidities, and Risk Aversion in Information Security: A Utility-theoretic Approach","display_name":"Fixed Costs, Investment Rigidities, and Risk Aversion in Information Security: A Utility-theoretic Approach","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1559771371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","mag":"1559771371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics of Information Security and Privacy III","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1674436","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056640304","display_name":"Christos Ioannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-2441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christos Ioannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, England, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013218535","display_name":"David Pym","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pym","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK","School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033830660","display_name":"Julian Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-9632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3QY, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3QY, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056640304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92915762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"171","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5443598031997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.49901843070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.461618036031723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.4390583336353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-decision","display_name":"Optimal decision","score":0.4361381530761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-maker","display_name":"Decision maker","score":0.43022310733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","score":0.4168474078178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.38132643699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34903788566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-utility-hypothesis","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","score":0.34766799211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2622483968734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.16479021310806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.15807878971099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.13096261024475098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5443598031997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.49901843070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.461618036031723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4390583336353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150325174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335500","display_name":"Optimal decision","level":3,"score":0.4361381530761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986080485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision maker","level":2,"score":0.43022310733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129915516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083550","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.4168474078178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.38132643699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34903788566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.34766799211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2622483968734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.16479021310806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.15807878971099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.13096261024475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1981-5_8","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics of Information Security and Privacy III","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.9454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.9454","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://weis2011.econinfosec.org/papers/Fixed Costs, Investment Rigidities, and Risk Aversion in In.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1674436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1674436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1464254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464254/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:       (2011)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1674436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1674436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142213678","https://openalex.org/W305397564","https://openalex.org/W1483280370","https://openalex.org/W1547231968","https://openalex.org/W1552582326","https://openalex.org/W1574786337","https://openalex.org/W1969371653","https://openalex.org/W1986808060","https://openalex.org/W1997501517","https://openalex.org/W2010573758","https://openalex.org/W2056075452","https://openalex.org/W2062493711","https://openalex.org/W2074646350","https://openalex.org/W2110620629","https://openalex.org/W2123059002","https://openalex.org/W2125639892","https://openalex.org/W2130887290","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2142227154","https://openalex.org/W2144836007","https://openalex.org/W2152118002","https://openalex.org/W2497607697","https://openalex.org/W2511444485","https://openalex.org/W2580645530","https://openalex.org/W2799087070","https://openalex.org/W2802547544","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W3122535128","https://openalex.org/W3123365097","https://openalex.org/W3123887742","https://openalex.org/W3205357727","https://openalex.org/W4211215604","https://openalex.org/W4252707658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242572374","https://openalex.org/W2165263141","https://openalex.org/W4250007077","https://openalex.org/W2015877203","https://openalex.org/W4240615594","https://openalex.org/W3124992686","https://openalex.org/W3123087267","https://openalex.org/W3121561916","https://openalex.org/W2163164229","https://openalex.org/W2330582382"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}