{"id":"https://openalex.org/W62881877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","title":"A Causal Calculus for Statistical Research","display_name":"A Causal Calculus for Statistical Research","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W62881877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","mag":"62881877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230340","display_name":"Lecture notes in statistics","issn_l":"0930-0325","issn":["0930-0325","2197-7186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Statistics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108208924","display_name":"Judea Pearl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Judea Pearl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1596, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1596, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108208924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0211236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.6752948760986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.6080789566040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5699954628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5698346495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.566481351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.47303837537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.447769433259964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43869876861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.4277178943157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4216446280479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.37931081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.23718851804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2070421278476715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.1911117434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.18647757172584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.159050852060318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15416544675827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.13769635558128357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.6752948760986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.6080789566040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5699954628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5698346495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.566481351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47303837537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.447769433259964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43869876861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.4277178943157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4216446280479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.37931081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.23718851804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2070421278476715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1911117434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.18647757172584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.159050852060318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15416544675827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.13769635558128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2404-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230340","display_name":"Lecture notes in statistics","issn_l":"0930-0325","issn":["0930-0325","2197-7186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Statistics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.55.7196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.55.7196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~dfisher/ai-stat-book/book.3.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133789137","https://openalex.org/W307716697","https://openalex.org/W1524326598","https://openalex.org/W1533476743","https://openalex.org/W1606845670","https://openalex.org/W1800852440","https://openalex.org/W1964356176","https://openalex.org/W1978304080","https://openalex.org/W1983225354","https://openalex.org/W1986994239","https://openalex.org/W2008312103","https://openalex.org/W2019588861","https://openalex.org/W2022638422","https://openalex.org/W2034557561","https://openalex.org/W2049910836","https://openalex.org/W2081091129","https://openalex.org/W2082299845","https://openalex.org/W2167826316","https://openalex.org/W2325845022","https://openalex.org/W2327850608","https://openalex.org/W2800659363","https://openalex.org/W4232168968","https://openalex.org/W4242234769","https://openalex.org/W6632080362","https://openalex.org/W6638284894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W137830373","https://openalex.org/W3000984192","https://openalex.org/W2148385623","https://openalex.org/W2103073163","https://openalex.org/W2542556882","https://openalex.org/W4286952477","https://openalex.org/W2150156711","https://openalex.org/W4225755453","https://openalex.org/W4321348134","https://openalex.org/W2748822022"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}