{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033599259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","title":"Improving the Process of System Specification and Refinement in B","display_name":"Improving the Process of System Specification and Refinement in B","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033599259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","mag":"2033599259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193518","display_name":"Workshops in computing","issn_l":"1431-1682","issn":["1431-1682"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Workshops in Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080051687","display_name":"Kevin Lano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-1410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104948","display_name":"Lloyd's","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz1eb30","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Lano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lloyd\u2019s Register, Croydon, UK","Lloyd's Register, Croydon, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lloyd\u2019s Register, Croydon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lloyd's Register, Croydon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109054232","display_name":"H. Haughton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104948","display_name":"Lloyd's","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz1eb30","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Haughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lloyd\u2019s Register, Croydon, UK","Lloyd's Register, Croydon, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lloyd\u2019s Register, Croydon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lloyd's Register, Croydon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84531816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7695945501327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6615330576896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6384873390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5503388047218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5424550175666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5244981646537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-method","display_name":"B-Method","score":0.46047794818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4571118652820587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4545333981513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.42839664220809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.42104798555374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12474587559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07428005337715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.06776171922683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7695945501327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6615330576896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6384873390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5503388047218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5424550175666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5244981646537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192698709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3085774","display_name":"B-Method","level":3,"score":0.46047794818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4571118652820587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4545333981513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.42839664220809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.42104798555374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12474587559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07428005337715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.06776171922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3240-0_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193518","display_name":"Workshops in computing","issn_l":"1431-1682","issn":["1431-1682"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Workshops in Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80695334","https://openalex.org/W145653049","https://openalex.org/W235942747","https://openalex.org/W1675171791","https://openalex.org/W2028909600","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2121212903","https://openalex.org/W2328636508","https://openalex.org/W2493256084","https://openalex.org/W2571493780","https://openalex.org/W4248178742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541085282","https://openalex.org/W2125996595","https://openalex.org/W2121507724","https://openalex.org/W242821809","https://openalex.org/W2338700700","https://openalex.org/W285671046","https://openalex.org/W2291664821","https://openalex.org/W2536278902","https://openalex.org/W2730791620","https://openalex.org/W2794188275"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
