{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248092151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248092151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Writing Environment","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049629485","display_name":"Mike Sharples","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Sharples","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086805290","display_name":"Thea van der Geest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thea van der Geest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40871874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misnomer","display_name":"Misnomer","score":0.9070566892623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.7411911487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7344925403594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5970008969306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5663143992424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carry","display_name":"Carry (investment)","score":0.4590948522090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4429435729980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.42939361929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38840189576148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38253894448280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3489404022693634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122675076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875856","display_name":"Misnomer","level":2,"score":0.9070566892623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.7411911487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7344925403594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5970008969306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5663143992424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.4590948522090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4429435729980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.42939361929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38840189576148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38253894448280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3489404022693634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1482-6_10","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Writing Environment","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904207245","https://openalex.org/W2033468835","https://openalex.org/W2372273305","https://openalex.org/W181521170","https://openalex.org/W2356191711","https://openalex.org/W4245529988","https://openalex.org/W4247583972","https://openalex.org/W2392276138","https://openalex.org/W2069302713","https://openalex.org/W2587679620"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
