{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160653514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","title":"Turing Universality of the Game of Life","display_name":"Turing Universality of the Game of Life","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160653514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","mag":"2160653514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Collision-Based Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042238004","display_name":"Paul Rendell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Rendell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042238004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83158927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"513","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-turing-machine","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","score":0.9434808492660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine-examples","display_name":"Turing machine examples","score":0.8545678853988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-recursive-algorithm","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","score":0.8508527278900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-number","display_name":"Description number","score":0.8318498134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine","display_name":"Turing machine","score":0.8302566409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7076156735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-deterministic-turing-machine","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","score":0.6855965852737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nspace","display_name":"NSPACE","score":0.6041736006736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.5757091641426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49901795387268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-turing-machine","display_name":"Probabilistic Turing machine","score":0.4951273500919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-hierarchy-theorem","display_name":"Time hierarchy theorem","score":0.4391572177410126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.43738412857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30135101079940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21120193600654602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131671149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703890","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","level":4,"score":0.9434808492660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21176728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7854963","display_name":"Turing machine examples","level":5,"score":0.8545678853988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31402856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295939","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","level":5,"score":0.8508527278900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179061269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5263786","display_name":"Description number","level":5,"score":0.8318498134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.8302566409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7076156735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15190523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190223","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","level":5,"score":0.6855965852737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201958364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756295","display_name":"NSPACE","level":5,"score":0.6041736006736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.5757091641426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49901795387268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144271403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191836","display_name":"Probabilistic Turing machine","level":5,"score":0.4951273500919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48415503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251122","display_name":"Time hierarchy theorem","level":5,"score":0.4391572177410126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.43738412857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30135101079940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21120193600654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0129-1_18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Collision-Based Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50599218","https://openalex.org/W622285400","https://openalex.org/W1982449618","https://openalex.org/W1989805015","https://openalex.org/W1996028864","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2012140001","https://openalex.org/W2024753238","https://openalex.org/W2065105492","https://openalex.org/W2079275582","https://openalex.org/W2126160338","https://openalex.org/W2177981693","https://openalex.org/W2894564506","https://openalex.org/W2914652008","https://openalex.org/W4252495514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662868588","https://openalex.org/W2070488416","https://openalex.org/W3014863312","https://openalex.org/W1760285719","https://openalex.org/W2547364878","https://openalex.org/W3205703342","https://openalex.org/W2059442002","https://openalex.org/W195780958","https://openalex.org/W293759077","https://openalex.org/W2045171615"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T21:11:00.739837","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}