{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206001009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2","title":"Attributed Translations","display_name":"Attributed Translations","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206001009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamental Problems in Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109259127","display_name":"Philip Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. M. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009388396","display_name":"Daniel J. Rosenkrantz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Rosenkrantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052202085","display_name":"Richard E. Stearns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-1999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. E. Stearns","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, Schenectady, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109259127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63233757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.1972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.1972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.14880000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.1006999984383583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.8857479095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.7164533138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6662889719009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6334221959114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5587707161903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-pushdown-automaton","display_name":"Embedded pushdown automaton","score":0.5411661267280579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","score":0.5369787812232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.4386168122291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4307028651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.4173932373523712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3918887972831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3773477375507355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36288630962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3528345823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-attributed-grammar","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","score":0.3391469717025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3068050444126129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.22728019952774048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8857479095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.7164533138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6662889719009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6334221959114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5587707161903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27034413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370010","display_name":"Embedded pushdown automaton","level":5,"score":0.5411661267280579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51802942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662211","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","level":4,"score":0.5369787812232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.4386168122291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4307028651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.4173932373523712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3918887972831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3773477375507355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36288630962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3528345823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.3391469717025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3068050444126129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.22728019952774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9688-4_2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamental Problems in Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493792056","https://openalex.org/W1964071625","https://openalex.org/W1967508973","https://openalex.org/W1968127341","https://openalex.org/W2011725207","https://openalex.org/W2048808408","https://openalex.org/W2064490449","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W6629608854","https://openalex.org/W6638599355","https://openalex.org/W6658050325","https://openalex.org/W6676112572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W1559710535","https://openalex.org/W3036784334","https://openalex.org/W4312364893","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W4321010057","https://openalex.org/W2166769824","https://openalex.org/W2962780935"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
