{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1549626146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","title":"Investigating and Comparing Multimodal Biometric Techniques","display_name":"Investigating and Comparing Multimodal Biometric Techniques","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1549626146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","mag":"1549626146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111046465","display_name":"Christopher Andrade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Andrade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Information Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Information Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109125602","display_name":"Sebastian H. Solms","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian H. Solms","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59244792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"79","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8465404510498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7750635743141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6483882665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.58122718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5208747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5150963664054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.48350051045417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.46293893456459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.43928125500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4124303162097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-theft","display_name":"Identity theft","score":0.41070643067359924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8465404510498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7750635743141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6483882665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.58122718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5208747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5150963664054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.48350051045417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46293893456459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.43928125500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4124303162097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.41070643067359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-77996-6_7.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1549626146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1549626146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2142701426","https://openalex.org/W2164282793","https://openalex.org/W2165956633","https://openalex.org/W2337287328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W1983660090","https://openalex.org/W2123843216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"the":[1,21,36,54,103,169,172,211,214,222],"identity":[2],"of":[3,35,39,73,89,166,171,191,213,221,286],"a":[4,43,49,92,98,128,230,252],"person":[5,129],"has":[6,15,207],"become":[7,16],"vital":[8],"in":[9,20,27,91,168,224,280,290],"today\u2019s":[10],"world.":[11],"Emphasis":[12],"on":[13],"security":[14,40,66,90],"increasingly":[17],"more":[18],"common":[19],"last":[22],"few":[23],"decades,":[24],"not":[25,228],"only":[26,45,113],"Information":[28],"Technology,":[29],"but":[30],"across":[31],"all":[32],"industries.":[33],"One":[34],"main":[37],"principles":[38],"is":[41,94,105,160],"that":[42,102,124,217],"system":[44,67,93,254],"be":[46,202],"accessed":[47],"by":[48,130],"legitimate":[50],"user.":[51,99],"According":[52],"to":[53,109,116,138,143,210,282],"ISO":[55],"7498/2":[56],"document":[57],"[1]":[58],"(an":[59],"international":[60],"standard":[61],"which":[62],"defines":[63],"an":[64,149,163,287],"information":[65,74],"architecture)":[68],"there":[69],"are":[70,77],"5":[71],"pillars":[72],"security.":[75],"These":[76],"Identification/Authentication,":[78],"Confidentiality,":[79],"Authorization,":[80],"Integrity":[81],"and":[82,96,111,146,158,176,200,237,275],"Non":[83],"Repudiation.":[84],"The":[85],"very":[86],"first":[87],"line":[88],"identifying":[95],"authenticating":[97],"This":[100,135,247],"ensures":[101],"user":[104],"who":[106],"he/she":[107],"claims":[108],"be,":[110],"allows":[112,141],"authorized":[114],"individuals":[115],"access":[117],"your":[118],"system.":[119],"Technologies":[120],"have":[121,153,187,229],"been":[122,155,208],"developed":[123],"can":[125,201],"automatically":[126],"recognize":[127],"his":[131],"unique":[132],"physical":[133],"features.":[134],"technology,":[136,293],"referred":[137],"as":[139,178,198,266],"\u2018biometrics\u2019,":[140],"us":[142],"quickly,":[144],"securely":[145],"conveniently":[147],"identify":[148],"individual.":[150],"Biometrics":[151],"solutions":[152],"already":[154],"deployed":[156],"worldwide,":[157],"it":[159,206],"rapidly":[161],"becoming":[162],"acceptable":[164],"method":[165],"identification":[167],"eye":[170],"public.":[173],"As":[174],"useful":[175],"advanced":[177],"unimodal":[179,296],"(single":[180],"biometric":[181,183,235,253,258,278],"sample)":[182],"technologies":[184],"are,":[185],"they":[186],"their":[188,225,241],"limits.":[189],"Some":[190],"them":[192],"aren\u2019t":[193,197],"completely":[194],"accurate;":[195],"others":[196],"secure":[199],"easily":[203],"bypassed.":[204],"Recently":[205],"reported":[209],"congress":[212],"U.S.A":[215],"[2]":[216],"about":[218],"2":[219],"percent":[220],"population":[223],"country":[226],"do":[227],"clear":[231],"enough":[232],"fingerprint":[233],"for":[234,243,261],"use,":[236],"therefore":[238],"cannot":[239],"use":[240],"fingerprints":[242],"enrollment":[244],"or":[245],"verification.":[246],"same":[248],"report":[249],"recommends":[250],"using":[251,291],"with":[255],"dual":[256],"(multimodal)":[257],"inputs,":[259],"especially":[260],"large":[262],"scale":[263],"systems,":[264],"such":[265],"airports.":[267],"In":[268],"this":[269,292],"technical":[270],"paper":[271],"we":[272],"will":[273],"investigate":[274],"compare":[276],"multimodal":[277],"techniques,":[279],"order":[281],"determine":[283],"how":[284],"much":[285],"advantage":[288],"lies":[289],"over":[294],"its":[295],"equivalent.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
