{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230013571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67","title":"Liveness Assurance in Face Authentication","display_name":"Liveness Assurance in Face Authentication","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230013571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071848456","display_name":"Michael Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2953-106X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia, \u00a0","School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia, \u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083396008","display_name":"Girija Chetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-8644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girija Chetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia, \u00a0","School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia, \u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32407407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"908","last_page":"916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9144234657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6152731776237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5194301605224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5145742297172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4894374907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15122061967849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09984919428825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.060356855392456055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9144234657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6152731776237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5194301605224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5145742297172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4894374907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15122061967849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09984919428825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.060356855392456055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109538337","https://openalex.org/W1988910659","https://openalex.org/W1993986275","https://openalex.org/W2501340129"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1565271071","https://openalex.org/W2081199208","https://openalex.org/W3349016","https://openalex.org/W3160870209","https://openalex.org/W2494011163","https://openalex.org/W2053262709","https://openalex.org/W2139648957","https://openalex.org/W1481041875","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}