{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230906294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21","title":"Law Enforcement","display_name":"Law Enforcement","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230906294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028712027","display_name":"Ken Moses","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Moses","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Indentification Services, San Franscisco, \u00a0, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Indentification Services, San Franscisco, \u00a0, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028712027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45968418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"895","last_page":"898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12921","display_name":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","score":0.12800000607967377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12921","display_name":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","score":0.12800000607967377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.12399999797344208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.43783265352249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3688807189464569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.36064407229423523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43783265352249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3688807189464569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.36064407229423523}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494059999","https://openalex.org/W1557594219","https://openalex.org/W4207039328","https://openalex.org/W4244260298","https://openalex.org/W4285226730","https://openalex.org/W6636918849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W578832185","https://openalex.org/W379073799","https://openalex.org/W637970887","https://openalex.org/W2394306283","https://openalex.org/W1573766785","https://openalex.org/W1530232415","https://openalex.org/W240862969","https://openalex.org/W2977561418","https://openalex.org/W173386283"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}